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Effect of Missing Nutrient Elements on Grain Yield of Wet Season Rice in Bangladesh

Md Mozammel Haque
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

A.L.Shah
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

Jatish C. Biswas
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

MR Islam
CSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

UA Nahe
PSO
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Background and objective: Long-term fertility study is one of the important factors to monitor changes in yield because of different nutrient management options and cropping systems involved in Asian regions. Many short-term and long-term fertilizer trials were conducted forintensive irrigated rice cropping patterns mostly to provide fertilizer rate, but not considered sustainable soil management for soil health. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of missing nutrient elements for a long time on rice yield, photosynthetic rate and residual soil fertility. Materials and Methods: The experiment was initiated on a permanent layout at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur during 2000 to 2008 in wet season. Seven treatments in randomized complete block design with four replications were imposed. Results: It was found that grain yield was in decreasing trends for the missing elements that were similar with BR11 and BRRI dhan31. On an average, grain yield reductions were 11.6, 7.0, 10.6, 1.1 and 3.4 percent for N, P, K, S and Zn, respectively. Under no fertilization, the ability of soil was to produce 2.9 t ha^-1 of BR11 and 3.1 t ha^-1 of BRRI dhan31 respectively. Photosynthetic rate of rice plant was always higher in complete fertilizer treatment (NPKSZn) than missing of any nutrient element. The decrease in photosynthetic rate was more pronounced with N missing than others for both the rice varieties. Conclusion: It is concluded that balance chemical fertilizers (NPKSZn) are to be used for sustained and/or increased rice production and to maintain soil fertility.

Keywords: Long-term, Fertilizer, Soil nutrient status, Photosynthetic rate, Variety, Yield pattern.

Location: Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2000

End Date: 00-00-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

Objectives of this study were to assess the effect of long-term missing of chemical nutrient sources on rice yield, soil properties, and rice plant photosynthetic rate during wet season.

Methodology:

Experimental site and season

A long-term missing element experiment on rice-rice system was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute research farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh during wet seasons of 2000-2008.The annual rainfall was about 2000 mm, and about 80% of rainfall is concentrated during mid June to the end September.The soil of the experimental field is Chhiata clay loam, a member of hyperthermic vertic endoaquept. The soil was characterized with pH (1:5 with H₂O) 7.0, 12.2 g kg^-1organic carbon, 1.1 g kg^-1total N, 19 mg kg^-1available P, 70 mg kg^-1available K, 9 mg kg^-1 available S and 3.3 mg kg^-1available Zn.

Experimental design and management

The treatments were: NPKSZn as complete treatment, omission of one or more nutrients from complete treatment i.e. -N, -P, -K, -S, -Zn, and control that were assigned in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Indicator varieties used were BR11 and BRRI dhan31. However, decreased yield was calculated from complete treatment yield minus omission nutrient plot yield during the period of 2000-08. The fertilizer rate NPKSZn @ 80-25-35-20-5 kg ha^-1 was used in T. Aman season. Nitrogen was applied in three 3 equal splits i.e. 1/3 at final land preparation, 1/3 at active tillering stage and 1/3 at 5-7 days before panicle initiation stage. Rest of the fertilizers was applied at final land preparation. The unit plot size was 6 m X 7.3 m. Thirty-three day-old 2-3 seedlings in a hill were transplanted during 1-15 August in each year and crop was harvested form 5 m² areas when matured. The grain yield was recorded at 14% moisture content and straw yield as oven dry basis.

Soil sample collection and chemical analysis

The post harvest soil samples were collected after18^thcrop conditions in rice field. Soil sample was analyzed for following standard methods. Organic carbon was determined by Walkley and Black method¹⁴, total nitrogen by modified Kjeldahl method, available phosphorus by modified Olsen method and exchangeable potassium by ammonium acetate extraction method following the procedures of page et al.¹⁵. Available sulphur was extracted by 500 ppm P¹⁶. Available zinc was determined by DTPA extraction method¹⁷. In addition, photosynthesis was measured for T. Aman 2008 (18^th rice crop) at maximum tillering stage in field condition by Li Cor 6400 (USA) machine in all treatments (seven) during field conditions.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019, 10, 631-639

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Continuous rice-rice cropping for a longer period of time even with recommended chemical fertilizer dose may not provide sustainable grain yield because other minor and micro elements are removed from soil, which must come from organic sources. Potassium uptake by rice influences many enzyme activities in plants and thus grain and straw yields. So, special care has to be taken in adjusting K rate for successful crop production and to maintain soil fertility in Bangladesh. We have considered only five elements in the present investigation that need to be extended for some more nutrients like magnesium, iron, copper, silicon and boron, etc and addition of organic materials for sustained rice production in Asian countries.

Knowledge Management: Journal