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Distribution of Crops and Cropping Patterns in Bangladesh

M Nasim
Rice Farming Systems Division, BRRI, Gazipur

S M Shahidullah

A Saha
Rice Farming Systems Division, BRRI, Gazipur

M A Muttaleb
Rice Farming Systems Division, BRRI, Gazipur

T L Aditya
Director, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

M A Ali
Director, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

M S Kabir
Director General, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Agricultural land use and distribution of cultivated crops expressed in cropping pattern (CP) constitute the base for increasing productivity. An in-depth study was conducted on the existing CPs of Bangladesh in each and every upazila (sub-districts) using semi structured questionnaire and data validation by the stakeholder consultation workshop conducted in each of 64 districts. Three hundred and sixteen CPs were identified throughout Bangladesh excluding the very minor ones. Topmost five CPs were only rice containing CPs, which covered 51% of the net cropped area. The most dominant CP was Boro- Fallow-T. Aman covering 27% of net cropped area. Results on major crop wise CPs, location-wise CPs, CP diversity and crop diversity etc are also presented herein.

Keywords: Land use, Cropping pattern, Cropping intensity, Crop diversity index

Location: All over Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farming System

Non-commodity: Cropping pattern

Objectives:

To study the Agricultural land use and distribution of cultivated crops expressed in cropping pattern (CP) constitute the base for increasing productivity.

Methodology:

The study was conducted following two steps.

Collection and analysis of secondary data and find out the mismatching of the data.
Conducting stakeholder consultation workshop to review, verify and validate mismatch data discussing with the relevant sources and finalize data.

Present study was carried out basically using secondary source of information from the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). DAE keeps records of crops in every nook and corner of the country. At the grass root level, in the blocks, Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) collects data from the field. They use Mauza map to identify NCA and the land use for non-agricultural purposes. In the cropped area, major crop growing field and their coverage is also identified. SAAO conducts survey following the possible ways to collect data. They collect the list of farmers and their lands from the manager of each Boro irrigation scheme. They also make list of farmers for the other major crops like T. Aman, Aus, wheat, jute etc and for minor crops as well. They collected data by interviewing farmers who cultivate different crops, use different varieties in respective hectarage. He also uses his own judgment by his own eye estimation. Finally observing the actual harvest area, judging by his own experience, the individual crop, their varieties and coverage are identified. By these ways they keep data of each and every crop and their coverage in his blocks. Combining block data, union, then upazila, then district data are compiled and kept in the record book of DAE. Thus in each upazila, season wise cultivated crops and their coverage are recorded. DAE also keeps information on CP. Each crop is cultivated in a specific field in a single, double, triple or quadruple CP. Based on individual crops coverage, the area of a crop in a CP is distributed. Other crops of these CP have to match in their respective coverage. Thus individual CP coverage data were developed. Data we used in this study were collected from DAE. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed for data collection on crop, CP, their area coverage etc for the year of 2014. A small team of investigators visited the Deputy Director (DD), DAE office. They collected the secondary information of crops, their hectarage from each upazila from the district office. The questionnaires were then distributed to each upazila to collect information on CPs and their hectarage and other related issues. Upazila Agriculture Office filled up the questionnaires and sent back to the investigators. These data were analyzed to find out the mismatch of data, if any, among the data and any query regarding them.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 21 (2) : 1-55, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A better understanding of the crop growing systems is essential to formulate ecologically and socioeconomically sustainable crop production programme. Therefore, quantitative measurement of crop distribution in an area is very important. To explore the potential of CPs it is necessary to integrate the available technologies to increase the total yield. Extension of agricultural land is not possible in Bangladesh. Moreover, NCA is decreasing at an alarming rate because of high population pressure. Identification of major CPs and exploring their potential is important. Increase production through utilizing fallow period in CP can create scope for sustainable improvement of agricultural production system. This study had made this scope of improvement by creating relevant data base. This study identified all the CPs of Bangladesh. Ecologically well adjusted CPs dominated for their area coverage in appropriate environments. Regional distribution of CPs was also identified. These results will hopefully help further planning of potentials of CPs for production.

Knowledge Management: Journal