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Research Detail

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M. M. Morshed
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. N. Bari
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Q. A. Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. S. Alam
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur from November 2013 to May 2014 to determine the effect of nitrogen and herbicide on weed infestation and performance of Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan28). Five nitrogen doses i.e. 0 , 50.6 , 101.2 , 151.8 and 202.4 kg ha-1 under selected pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides along with one weed free and control (unweeded) treatment were imposed in the experiment. Nine weed species was found to dominate in the experimental plots where Scirpus maritimus L. showed the maximum visual abundance (58%)  followed by Leersia hexandra sw., Paspalam distichum L. and Fimbristylis miliacea L. Post-emergence herbicide contributed to higher control efficiency than that in pre-emergence herbicide. Post-emergence herbicide without receiving nitrogen showed the highest weed control efficiency (97.39) at 60 days after transplanting. Treatment receiving N @ 200.4 kg ha-1 under post-emergence herbicide showed the highest number of tiller per hill (13.00), total dry matter (1568.6 g m-2), panicles per hill (10.60), filled grains per panicle (125.20) and grain yield (6.46 t/ha). N-dose 151.8 kg ha-1 under post- emergence herbicide contributed to the second highest grain yield (6.41 t ha-1) with the highest benefit cost ratio of 1.60 but 50.6 kg N ha-1 under post-emergence herbicide showed the maximum Nitrogen use efficiency of 0.49. The study revealed that nitrogen dose up to 151.8 kg ha-1 might be increased above the recommended dose under coverage of a suitable post-emergence herbicide for profitable rice production.

  Boro rice, Nitrogen, Herbicide, Weed infestation
  The experimental farm of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur
  00-11-2013
  00-05-2014
  Pest Management
  Weed management, Fertilizer

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of nitrogen on weed infestation behavior, to evaluate the growth and yield of Boro rice as well as to find out suitable combination of dose of nitrogen and herbicide for effective weed management and productivity of Boro rice.

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur under wet land condition from November to May, 2013-2014. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay of Shallow Red Brown Terrace type under Salna Series of Madhupur Tract in the Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 28. The experimental site is situated in a sub-tropical climatic zone, characterized by heavy rainfall during the months from May to September and scanty rainfall during rest of the year. Boro rice variety BRRI dhan28 was used as test crop. Two herbicides; Pretilachlor (pre-emergence at 5 DAT) & Pyrazosulfuran-Ethyl (post- emergence at 15 DAT) were used in the experiment. There are 12 treatments such as T1 = Pretilachlor @ 1L ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 0 kg ha-1, T2 = Pretilachlor @ 1L ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 50.6 kg ha-1, T3= Pretilachlor @ 1L ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 101.2 kg ha-1), T4= Pretilachlor @ 1L ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 151.8 kg ha-1), T5= Pretilachlor@ 1L ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 202.4 kg ha-1, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 150g ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 0 kg ha-1, T7= Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 150 g ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 50.6 kg ha-1, T8= Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 150g ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 101.2 kg ha-1, T9= Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 150g ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 151.8 kg ha-1, T10= Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl @ 150g ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 202.4 kg ha-1, T11= Control (Unweeded + without nitrogen), T12= Weed free (with recommended dose of N). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. A fertilizer dose of 77-80-55-5 kg of Triple Super Phosphate, Muriate of Potash, Gypsum and Zinc sulfate respectively was applied in the experimental field (BRRI, 1999). The whole amount of fertilizers was applied as basal dose during final land preparation. Urea was top-dressed in three equal installments at 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), respectively. Forty days old seedlings were uprooted from the seedbed on January 14, 2014. Transplanting was done with one seedling in each hill at a spacing of 20 X 15 cm on the same day. Intercultural operations such as irrigation, pest management and other necessary cultural operations were done accordingly. The crop under weed free treatment was kept weed free by continuing weeding operations every week.

Plant samplings were done at 15 days interval starting from 30 DAT until maturity. Data on different growth parameters, yield components and yield were collected. At each sampling data were recorded on the following parameters: Leaf area index (LAI) was measured from 30 DAT at 15 days interval with Leaf area meter (Model AAM-7 Hayashi Denko Co. Tokyo, Japan). Leaf area index was then calculated by using the following formula as shown below:

LAI= Leaf area for 5 hills (cm2) / Land area occupied by 5 hills (cm2)

Crop growth rate was calculated using the following formula,

CGR= GA-1 {(W2-W1) / (T2-T1)} g m-2day-1

W1= Total dry weight at time T1 (g)                   W2= Total dry weight at time T2 (g)    T1= Initial time (day)         T2= Final time (day)               GA= Ground area (m2)

Total nitrogen (TN) content was determined by micro-Kjeldahl method (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982) using this formula,

% N of Grain or Straw= (T - B) x N x 1.401 x S-1 x 100

T = Sample titration value (mL) of standard H2SO4       S = Weight of soil sample in g

B = Blank titration value (mL) of standard H2SO4         N = Strength of H2SO4.

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was calculated by following formula, (Olson and Swallow, 1984)

NUE = (NUna–NUno) / NR

NUna = Nitrogen uptake (kg ha-1) by grain with addition of nutrient NUno = Nitrogen uptake (kg ha-1) by grain without addition of nutrient NR = Rate of added nutrient (kg ha-).

Visual abundance of weeds was calculated through direct eye observation of standing weeds in the experimental plots at 60 DAT. The scores were used as 4 = High; 3 = Medium; 2 = Low; 1 = Very low/negligible.

Weed control efficiency was calculated with the following formula:

Weed control efficiency (WCE) = {(DMC – DMT) / DMC} x 100

DMC = Weed dry matter in unweeded treatment DMT = Weed dry matter in weed control treatment. Crop was harvested at well-matured stage on the date of 14 May 2014. At maturity, five plants were harvested from each plot to record data on yield components and the plants from an area of 2.4 m2 was harvested on grain and straw yields. The data were compiled and tabulated with the help of the computer package Statistix 10 and the means were separated through Least Significance Difference (LSD) test.

  Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 53-63
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Treatment receiving 202.4 kg N ha-1 under post-emergence herbicide contributed to the highest grain yield and grain nitrogen content. But, the highest benefit cost ratio was obtained when N was applied @ 151.8 kg ha-1 of the recommended dose under post emergence herbicide application.

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