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Investigation on Quality and Management of Wheat Seed in Bogra and Naogaon

F Naznine
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

I Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

MA Akter
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The quality of wheat seed samples of 11 varieties viz. Akbar, Kanchan, Barkat, Sonalika , Paban, Prodip, Satapdi, BARI gom 25, BARI gom 26, BARI gom 27 and BARI gom 28 from 7 different Upazillas of Bogra and 5 different Upazillas of Naogaon were tested and categorized into six components viz. Grade-0 (72 to 86.7%), Grade-1 (2.9 to 7.5%), Grade-2 (2.1 to 6.0%), Grade-3 (1.7 to 4.5%), Grade-4 (2.4 to 8.4%) and Grade- 5 (1.5 to 7.6%). The highest percentage of Grade-0 seeds (86.7%) was recorded in wheat variety of BARI gom 28 and the lowest percentage of Grade-0 seeds (72%) was recorded in variety Kanchan. The moisture content of the seed samples ranged from 10.22 to 13.81%, where the highest percentage of moisture content was found in wheat variety of Kanchan and the lowest in wheat variety of BARI gom 28. The 1000-seed weight ranged from 40.00 to 42.85 g where significantly highest weight was recorded in wheat variety of Sonalika followed by BARI gom 27 and the lowest in BARI gom 28. Health test by Blotter method resulted eight different seed borne fungi belonging to six genera viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana (0.5 to 30.5%), Alternaria tenuis (0.5 to 25%), Fusarium moniliforme (0.0 to 33.5%), Fusarium oxysporum (2.7 to 53%), Curvularia lunata (0.0 to 5.5%), Aspergillus niger (0.0 to 18.5%) and Penicillium spp. (0.0 to 1.5%). Out of 11 samples tested germination of seeds ranged from 98.0 to 73.5%. Wheat seeds of variety Kanchan was treated with plant extracts, BAU- Biofungicide and chemical fungicides (Bavistin, Tilt and Provex) while the highest (11%) incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana was recorded in untreated control and the lowest (0.0%) in seed treatment with BAU- Biofungicide followed by seed treatment with Provax and Tilt. Seed germination ranged from 56.0 to 98.0% where the highest (98.0%) and lowest (56.0%) germination was recorded in case of seed treatment with BAU- Biofungicide and Tilt. BAU-Biofungicide increased 41.75% vigor index over untreated control.

Keywords: Wheat, Seed treatment, Quality, Vigor index, Management

Location: Eco-friendly Plant Disease Management Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the quality of wheat seeds collected from different upazillas of Bogra and Naogaon districts as well as to evaluate efficiency of selected plant extracts, BAU-Biofungicide and chemical fungicides to control seed borne fungi associated with wheat seeds.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC) and Eco-friendly Plant Disease Management Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from March, 2014 to April, 2015. Seed samples were collected from the farmers. The collected seed samples were brought directly to the Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh and stored in Eco-friendly Plant Disease Management Lab. Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh. Dry inspection, determination of moisture content and determination of 1000-seed weight of seed- For dry inspection 1000-seeds per sample were visually inspected and graded into six categories. The grading was done following the 0-5 rating scale of CIMMYT (Gilchist, 1985). Moisture content of seed samples was determined with the help of electronic moisture meter before preserving seed. 1000-seed weight was taken with the help of electronic balance. Seed health test (Blotter method)- To detect the seed borne pathogens associated with the seeds in seed samples the Blotter method was used by following International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA, 1996). Management of seed borne fungi- Treatments for controlling seed borne fungi were T₀= Untreated Control, T₁ = Mehedi leaf extract (1:10), T₂ = Basok leaf extract (1:10), T₃ = Chirota plant extract (1:10), T₄ = Merigold leaf extract (1:10), T₅ = BAU Bio-fungicide (3%) T₆ = Provax (0.4%), T₇ = Tilt (0.3%) and T₈ = Bavistin (0.3%). Bavistin, Tilt @ 0.3% and Provax @ 0.4% solutions were used for seed treatment. The seeds were soaked in fungicidal solutions for 15 minutes. Then the fungicidal solutions were drained out and the treated seeds were allowed to be dried up on filter paper for some time. Then the seeds were ready for sown. In case of plant parts were chopped after cleaning in running tap water. The extracts were prepared by crushing the plant parts in a blender with distilled water in 1:1 ratio (eg. 1:1= 100 g plant material crushed in 100 ml water) following the method of Hossain et al., 1997. The extracts were 1:10 dilution ratio for seed treatment. Seed treatment with BAU Bio-fungicide- BAU-Biofungicide (3g) mixed with 100 ml water in a flask and seeds were treated. The treated seeds were then kept for 15 minutes and then subjected to the moist blotters in petridishes. The treated seeds were allowed to be dried up on filter paper for some time. Then the seeds were ready for sowing. Germination and Vigor test (Tray method)- This study was carried out in the Net house of Seed Pathology Centre, BAU, Mymensingh using sand culture in tray method. Seeds were sown after treating as per treatment including a untreated control on sand in each plastic tray (18” x 9”) in five lines (20 seeds/line) as per each treatment. A total of 200- seeds were set for each treatment according to ISTA rules (ISTA, 1996) for testing germination of seeds. Germination was recorded at 14 days after sowing and tested according to ISTA rules for testing vigour of seedlings (ISTA, 2001). After 14 days shoot and root length were measured by using measuring scale. 20 seedlings per treatment from each tray were randomly selected for measurement of shoot or root length. The seedling vigor was determined following the formula of Baki and Anderson, 1972. The collected data were analyzed by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability following the MSTAT-C program following the procedure as described by Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 101-109, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on present findings it may be concluded that quality of wheat seeds collected from different Upazillas of Bogra (Dupchanchia, Kahaloo, Nandigram, Sonatola, Gaptali, Sariakandi) and Naogaon (Manda, Raninagar) districts were not so good. So seeds of wheat preferably be treated before use. The results of the present investigation BAU- Biofungicide showed superior effect over all other treatments. So it may be concluded that BAU- Biofungicide can successfully be used for eco- friendly management of leaf blight disease of wheat for obtaining higher yield by avoiding chemicals as an important alternative to disease management of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal