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Effect of Moisture Stress on Morphological and Yield Attributes of Four Sorghum Varieties

MA Khaton
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

A Sagar
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

JE Tajkia
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MS Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MS Mahmud
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

AKMZ Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought adversely affects growth and yield of crops to various extents. Growing of drought tolerant crops is a good option to obtain economical yields from water stress areas for which quick method to screen drought tolerant plants, particularly in early stages of their growth is important. For this reason, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetical potential to drought tolerance of four sorghum varieties viz Hybrid Sorgo, Safal, BD 731, BD 740. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The plants were grown under three drought levels viz. 100% FC (control), 70% FC and 40% FC. Growth and yield of the Sorghum varieties were found to be decreased gradually with gradual increase in drought levels as compared to the control. This reduction was associated with decreased yield components. Water stress also decreased protein and starch content. The variety BD 740 followed by BD 731 showed the better performance in respect of no. of grains panicle^-1, panicle dry weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield hill^-1, protein content and starch content than Hybrid Sorgo and Safal at same water stress condition. Therefore Bangladeshi varieties were found more tolerant than Hybrid Sorgo variety to water stress. Findings of this research will be helpful for the farmers about the beneficial use of resource in terms of managing limited water as well as increasing crop productivity. Finally these research findings would certainly contribute food security in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Water stress, Field capacity, Sorghum, Drought

Location: Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sorghum

Objectives:

The present study is aimed at evaluating the Sorghum germplasm for drought tolerance based on their morpho- physiological and yield characteristics.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out at the net house of the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh. Geographically the experimental area is located at 24°75' N latitude and 90°50' longitude at the elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The seeds of sorghum varieties viz. Safal, BD 731, BD 740 (indigenous) collected from BADC and BARI and Hybrid Sorgo, an exogenous variety, collected from Japan were used as experimental materials. In the experiment, earthen pots of 21 cm diameter and 26 cm depth were used. Soils were collected from Agronomy farm, BAU, Mymensingh. After pulverizing and drying in the sun, plant propagules and inert materials were removed from the soil. Manure and fertilizers were mixed thoroughly with soil and each pot was filled with 5 kg of soil. Five seeds were sown in each pot and plants were thinned to two plants per pot after 10 days of sowing. Urea, TSP, MP and Gypsum were applied @190, 90,90& 50 kg ha^-1respectively.The weight of 1 hectare soil at the depth of 15 cm was considered 2 x 10⁶kg soil. According to above rate, fertilizers were calculated as per kg of soil (BINA, 1999). The two factorial experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Total number of pots was 36 (4 × 3 x 3). Treatment combinations were four varieties and three levels of moisture condition. Varieties were V₁= Hybrid Sorgo,V₂=Safal,V₃= BD 731 and V₄= BD 740 and three levels of moisture stress (Field capacity=FC) were F₁=100% FC (Control), F₂=70% FC, F₃=40% FC. However, there were twelve treatment combinations viz. T₁= V₁F_1, T₂= V₁F_2, T₃= V₁F_3, T₄= V₂F_1, T₅= V₂F_2, T₆= V₂F₃, T₇= V₃F_1, T₈= V₃F_2, T₉= V₃F_3, T₁₀= V₄F_1,T₁₁= V₄F₂, T₁₂= V₄F_3.Stress was imposed at two days interval started from tillering stage. Weeding and irrigation was done as and when necessary. All the plants of the given varieties were harvested at 120 days after planting when most of the grains became mature (about 95-100% grains were matured).Plant height, panicle length (cm), number of grain panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, number of filled grains hill^-1and number of unfilled grain hill^-1were recorded. Grain yields were recorded pot wise and weighed carefully. The grains were sun-dried to a moisture content of 14%. Finally grain yields were recorded as kg ha^-1. For chemical analysis, the grain samples were dried in an oven at 65^oC for about 72 hours before they were ground in a grinding machine. Then the powdered samples were passed through a 20-mesh sieve and stored in paper bags and finally they were kept in desiccators until analysis. The grain samples were analyzed for determination of protein and starch contents by following standard methods. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance to examine the treatment effects. The mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) and ranking was indicated by letters.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 265-271, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present research work, it could be concluded that the growth, yield contributing characters and chemical compositions of all the varieties were reduced under increasing drought stress condition. Among the varieties, BD 740 was found comparatively more tolerant under increasing drought stress condition than Hybrid sorgo, BD 731 and Safal. Among the varieties, BD 740 was found comparatively more tolerant under increasing drought stress condition than Hybrid sorgo, BD 731 and Safal. Thus BD 740 variety can be cultivated in the drought prone areas of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal