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Assessment of Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Tidal Submergence Ecosystem

M. A. A. Mamun
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. M. Haque
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Q. A. Khaliq
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. A. Karim
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

A.J.M.S. Karim
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

A.J. Mridha
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M.A. Saleque
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Spatial variability of soil chemical properties is critical for improving rice productivity and sustainable farming techniques. However, a systematic assessment on the spatial variability of tidal ecosystem has not been conducted. So, 144 soil samples were collected across Barisal, Borguna and Jalkhati districts and analyzed for six common chemical properties. Rice yield data was obtained by surveying farmers during crop harvest. Soil parameters and rice yield varied considerably throughout the study areas and their coefficients of variation ranged from 8.77 to 71.04%. Slight variability was observed for soil organic matter (SOM) and available K. The pH of the soils was slightly acidic to alkaline. These paddy fields were characterized by high concentrations of SOM, available P, K and S; but low total N. Rice yield was significantly and positively correlated with pH, available K and S, but negatively correlated with SOM.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Rice, Organic matter, Ecosystem

Location: Farmers’ fields of Barisal, Borguna and Jalkhati district

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Commodity: Rice, Soil fertility

Objectives:

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the current status and regional spatial variability of soil chemical properties and analyze the relationships between rice yield and selected chemical properties

Methodology:

Soil samples were collected from 144 farmers’ fields of Barisal, Borguna and Jalkhati district. The area covers southern part of the country including and belongs to agro ecological zone-13, Ganges Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh . This region occupies an extensive area of tidal floodplain land in the southern part of the country. The common cropping pattern is Fallow-Aus-Aman. The samples were collected in July, 2013.Collection and analysis of soil samples- The soil samples of 0-15 cm depth were collected from selected plots to determine the physico- chemical properties. The soil samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through 2 mm sieve and stored in polyethylene bags at room temperature, prior to analyze organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Soil organic carbon was analyzed by Walkley-Black wet oxidation method (Allison, 1965). A portion of 1.0 g air-dried soil sample (passed through 0.5 mm sieve) was taken in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Ten ml 1N K₂Cr₂O₇ and 20 ml conc. H₂SO₄ was added to the flask and allowed to react for 30 minutes after which 200 ml distilled water and 10 ml conc. H₃PO₄ was added. One ml orthophenanthroline indicator was added to the flask and was titrated with about 0.5N FeSO₄ solution. Blank titration was run to calculate the strength of the FeSO₄ solution. Total nitrogen was determined following Bremner (1965) method, but Microkjeldahl instrument was used. A portion of 0.5 g air-dried soil sample was digested in 3 ml conc. H₂SO₄ in the presence of 0.5 g of digestion mixture ( 50: 10: 1 K₂SO₄ : CuSO₄.5H₂O: metallic selenium). The digested sample was distillated with 40% NaOH and the distillate was collected in 4% boric acid containing three drops of mixed indicator (bromocresol green and methyl red), which was then titrated with 0.05 N H₂SO₄. C: N ratio was calculated by dividing the results of organic carbon by total nitrogen. All measurements of organic carbon and total nitrogen were done in triplicate. Soil pH in water was measured from a soil: water ratio 1: 2.5 using glass electrode method (Peech, 1965). Twenty gram of air-dried 80 sieved soil sample was taken in a 100 ml of plastic bottle and 50 ml of distilled water was added. The suspension was stirred with a glass-rod at regular interval for 30 minutes. A glass electrode pH meter calibrated with buffer pH 7.0 and 4.0 and the pH of soil suspension was measured. The measurement was done in triplicate. Olsen-P was extracted with 0.5M sodium bicarbonate (pH 8.5) as outlined by (Olsen et al., 1954) and P content in the extract was determined using ascorbic acid as reducing agent by a spectrophotometer. Available potassium (NH₄OAc-K) was extracted with neutral 1N ammonium acetate (Hanway and Heidel, 1952) and estimated by a flam photometer; available sulphur (CaCl₂-S) was determined by extracting the soil samples with 0.15 CaCl₂ and sulphur concentration in the extract was estimated by turbidimetric method (Chesnin and Yien, 1950). Yield data collection-Local Aman cultivars such as Lothor, Lalpyka, Kutiagoni, Mutha, Razashail, Sadapajam, Lalchikon, Sadachikon Sadamota, Lalmota and Moulata were cultivated by the farmers. Rice plants from 5 m² area of the middle of each field were harvested at ground level and threshed. The grains were dried in sunlight and winnowed before weighing and the seed yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content. The descriptive statistics of chemical properties of collected soils were determined. Means, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and skewness of yield and soil chemical properties were determined. Computations were made using Excel software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 79-87

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Achievement/Findings:

The entire tidal flood prone area was characterized by neutral soil pH, high concentrations of SOM, P, K and S. Low levels of N may be the major factors limiting rice production due to their positive effects on rice yield. On the basis of those results, N fertilizer must be applied but deep placement should be advocated to avoid loss in tidal water

Knowledge Management: Journal