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Effect of Conditioning on Processing and Properties of Jute Fibre and Yarn

Mohammad Maniruzzaman
Senior Scientific Officer
Mechanical Processing Division, BJRI

Dr. Engr.A.K.M. Mahabubuzzaman
Principal Scientific Officer
Mechanical Processing Division, BJRI

Dr. Engr. Md. Osman Ghani Miazi, CSO
Chief Scientific Officer
Mechanical Processing Division, BJRI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A few number of trial batch were conducted and yarn were produced from different piling time for different grade jute fibre. For each single trial about 50 to 55 lbs of BTC, BTD, BWC and BWD grade jute fibre was taken out from pucca bales. Accurate morahs were prepared and these morahs were passed through the softener machine with simultaneous application of emulsion of requisite percent and were kept in piles for different conditioning time (0 hour, 24 hours and 48 hours). Through this process, the fibres were mechanically as well as chemically/ bio-chemically softened for making the fibres of more pliable and suitable for easy processing in the machine and transforming into yarn. Test result of bundle strength showed better in no piling condition and this strength slowly decreased with the increase of piling time. For breaker and finisher carding machine, wastage% slowly increased with the increase of piling time. The most important parameter quality ratio increased for no piling and slowly decreased with the increase of conditioning time. Over all processing, quality parameter of jute fibre for no piling is better but this process is slightly harmful for all the processing machinery. For this reason, conditioning time 24 hours is more suitable for these grades of jute fibre.

Keywords: Morah, Emulsifier, Yarn, Quality ratio

Location: Experimental Spinning Mill, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207

Start Date: 00-07-2015

End Date: 00-08-2018

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To assess the physical and mechanical properties of jute fibre and yarn for different conditioning period.
To find out which factors have more influence on the processing performance.
To analyze the quality of the produced yarn in order to determine and suggest their acceptable properties.
The findings will have a direct impact on the jute industry and may be able to produce better quality jute yarns by adopting the method suggested.
To assess the mechanical and physical properties of yarn produced by the Slip draft spinning machine.

Methodology:

Jute is the most versatile natural fibre gifted to man by nature. It is the second largest natural fibre produced after cotton. It is a relatively cheap natural fibre with multiple uses. However, till recent times it was principally used as a packaging material. Today jute, after passing through difficult times, is gradually emerging as a versatile, multipurpose, biodegradable, environment friendly inexpensive natural fibre. The spinning process depends upon which class of goods is being made but there are features common to all systems. All jute must be softened and lubricated with oil and water so that the fibre may be processed without excessive fibre breakage and waste; the meshy nature of the reeds must be split up and the fibres separated as far as possible. The fibre must be drawn evenly into a sliver or loose untwisted strand which is then drawn out to the desired thickness of yarn. In order to produce an acceptable yarn it has been customary from the earliest days of jute manufacture on an industrial scale to condition the fibre for spinning by adding oil and water to it. There are different grades of jute fibre. These are Bangla Tossa A (BTA), Bangla Tossa B (BTB), Bangla Tossa C (BTC) and Bangla White A (BWA), Bangla White B (BWB), Bangla White C (BWC) etc. At present A and B grade jute fibre is very rare in the market. So BWC, BWD, BTC and BTD jute fibre was used for conducting this experiment. For this research work, about 150 to 155 lbs of BWC, BWD, BTC and BTD jute fibres were taken out from pucca bales. Accurate morahs of about 1.3 lbs weight each were prepared from the jute reeds. These morahs were passed through the softener machine (64 pair spiral roller type) with 20% application of emulsion. The recipe of emulsion was 19.5% jute batching oil (JBO), 79% water and 0.5% emulsifier. These fibres were divided into three groups for each grade. First group of jute fibre were passed through breaker card, finisher card, 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd drawing and spinning machine to produce about 8.0 lbs/spy yarn. Rest of the jute fibres i.e second and third group were kept for piling. After 24 hours, second group of jute fibre and after 48 hours third group of jute fibre were passed through breaker card, finisher card, 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd drawing and spinning machine to produce about 8.0 lbs/spy yarn. Absorption of emulsion through this process, the fibres were mechanically as well as bio-chemically softened for making the fibres of more pliable and suitable for easy processing in the machine and transforming into yarn. The linear density of third drawing sliver was controlled for requirement of flyer spinning machine to produce about 8.0 lbs/spy yarns. Ten samples of about 8lbs/spyndle were made according to the different piling time. Finally the spun yarns were tested as per standard method.

Source of Information: Annual Technical Report 2016-17 & 2017-18, BJRI

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 100000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 100000/-

Achievement/Findings:

The following are the conclusions of the work done under the present investigation:

Bundle strength of jute fibre was high in conditioning period and when conditioning time was increase, slowly decrease fibre strength.
Wastage% of breaker and finisher card machine was increasing with conditioning time. That is, more the conditioning time, more the wastage% of jute fibre.
Weight per unit length of yarn i.e. yarn count has no significant effect for different conditioning period.
The most important quality parameter Quality ratio shows better for no piling and slowly decrease with conditioning period is increases. That is higher the conditioning time, lower the quality ratio.
Over all processing, we can see that quality parameter of fibre and yarn for no piling was better but this (no piling) processing stage is slightly harmful for all the processing machinery. In this processing, pins of cylinder, doffer, worker and stripper are damage by different action and sometimes break few pins. On the other hand, tendency of delivery roller lapping both breaker and finisher card in doffing time. For this reasons, no piling is not suitable for industrial bulk production.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings