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Diagnosis and Prescription for Cercospora Leaf Spot of Chilli

M. S. Islam
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207,

K. Fatema
Chandona Bhaban, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207.

K. M. B. Alam
Department of Agricultural Studies, Sitakund College, Chittagong

M. B. Meah
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were carried out during 2009 to 2013 on diagnosis and prescriptions for management of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli. The studies were undertaken in 250 grower’s field of five upazillas viz. Mymensingh sadar, Kushtia sadar, Kumarkhali, Chandina and Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. The highest disease incidence (38.6%) and severity (17.4%) of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli was recorded. Cercospora capsici produced leaf spot of chilli. The prescription given by Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic (PDDC) was effective in the farmer’s field against the disease. Cercospora leaf spot of chilli is the most important diseases of spices in Bangladesh as the diseases significantly reduce the quality and yield. Prescription was Bavistin-50 DF @ 1g/l sprayed 4 times at 15 days interval for management of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli. The practices reduced the incidence by 72.82%, severity by 65.60%. The yield increased by 35.11%. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 3.34.

Keywords: Diagnosis, Prescription, Leaf spot, Chilli

Location: IPM-laboratory and Experimental Field of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Chilli

Objectives:

The objectives of the present studies were to simulate model for diagnosis of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli and to formulate model prescription for the disease based on proper diagnosis and management options.

Methodology:

Experiments were conducted at the IPM-laboratory and Experimental Field of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2009-2013. Survey on the incidence and severity of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli was done during Rabi 2009-2010. Four Districts, Dhaka, Mymensingh, Kushtia and Comilla were the study areas. Five Villages from each of five Upazilla were selected from four districts under five upazilla of major chilli growing areas of Bangladesh. Ten (10) farmers were selected from each village. Data on reveal of plants infected and fruit, and leaf/fruit area affected were recorded. Incidence and severity of the disease was calculated. Control measures adopted by the farmers were also recorded. Four visits were made during November-March. Soil pH, temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, air moisture (RH %) and rainfall were noted. LAD (leaf area diseased) and FAD (fruit area diseased) was measured by eye estimation. Diseases samples submitted by farmers were studied in the PDDC and prescriptions were given. The diseased samples brought by the farmers were washed in running tap water to make free off dust and sand. The infected portion along with the healthy part of the leaves was cut into small pieces (1-1.5 cm) and surface sterilized with 10% Clorox solution for one minute. Pieces were washed in sterilized water thrice and placed on filter paper to remove excess water adhering to the surface. Five pieces (inocula) were placed in potato dextrose agar in glass peptidases aseptically maintaining equal distances. The plates were incubated at 25±1⁰ C under 12 hour NUV light and 12 hour darkness (ISTA, 2000). Temporary slides were prepared and observed under a compound microscope. The pathogenic leaf was identified on the basis of characterises of conidiophores and conidia (Ellis and Gibson, 1975). Pure culture of the fungus Cercospora capsici was prepared following single spore technique PDA 10-12 days old pure culture was used in subsequent studies multi pried. Information collected from the field, and PDDC were interpreted conclusion drawn on the common practices for the management of these diseases. Simulation of the practices was done on the field on an experiment. Seedlings were raised on pot soil prepared by mixing soil, sand and well decomposed cow dung in the proportion of 2: 1: 1. The pot soil was sterilized by formalin (4%) @ 200 ml/cft soil, and used after 7 days of weathering (Dasgupta, 1988). Healthy seedlings of 28 days old were transplanted in the afternoon followed by watering. Twenty four healthy seedlings were transplanted in each subplot of each block, maintaining plant to plant distance 45 cm and line to line distance 65 cm and block to block 2 metre (Islam, 2006). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The following treatments were applied four times at 15 days intervals T1 = Control T4= Bavistin- DF @ 0.5g/l T2 = Rovral-50 WP @ 1g/l T5= Bavistin-DF @ 1g/l T3= Rovral-50 WP @ 2g/l T6= (Rovral @ 1g/l + Bavistin @ 0.5g/l). Solution fungicide was prepared by taking required amount of fungicides in the tap water and mixed thoroughly and applied as foliar spray by Knapsack hand sprayer. Rovral-50 WP was applied @ 0.1 and 0.2% and Bavistin-DF was applied @ 0.05 and 0.1% concentration. Three best treatments were selected for further study. Data were recorded the following parameters- i. Disease incidence/Severity (%) ii. Yield/Yield loss and iii. BCR Results obtained through field trials were computed, analyzed and interpreted. The best two results were selected and used for the construction of specific disease diagnostic model. Construction of the model was based on the disease management practices: IPM approach, pesticide(s), stage of the crop for intervention, frequency of the application for crop protection measures. Benefit cost ratios (BCR): Cost of application of integrated approaches for management of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli was done based on the current market price of input, rate of hiring labor and agricultural machineries. Price of the field product was determined on the basis of current market value. Estimation of Cost Benefit Ratio (BCR) was done according to Gittinger (1982) and Islam (2009). Compilation and analysis of the survey and experimental data were done by the computer MSTAT (C) software program following the statistical procedures (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 191–196, 2015

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Achievement/Findings:

An epidemiological survey was carried out in selected regions of Bangladesh in order to estimate the incidence and severity of Cercospora leaf spot of chilli. Various strategies for controlling these diseases have been introduced over the years including soil disinfection, cultural practices and fungicide treatments but losses still occur. The effectiveness of these approaches is variable and short-lived. Moreover, fungicides of broad spectrum produce undesirable consequences on non-target organisms, environment and community health. The present study reveals that many farmers have adopted the management practices recommended by PDDC. Farmers have successfully applied PPDC’s (Plant Pathology Diagnostic Clinic) prescriptions and have gained control of diseases resulting in a significant increased in yield. Bavistin-DF @ 1g/l sprayed 4 times at 15 days interval for controlling the disease.

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