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Variability in Fecal Egg Count of Haemonchus Contortus Infection to Native Goat Breeds of China and Bangladesh Under Natural Grazing Condition

AA Bhuiyan
Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics , Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China

F Soudy
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

J Cao
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S Zhao
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Muzibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

X Du5
Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Haemonchus contortus is a major gastrointestinal nematode affecting goat in China and Bangladesh like many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Haemonchus contortus infection in different goat breeds/populations in China and Bangladesh under the natural grazing condition. Fecal Egg of Haemonchus contortus was counted from 430 goats in both countries using McMaster’s technique. Body weight, Pack Cell Volume and Hemoglobin value were measured for Bangladeshi goats. Statistical analysis was done after transforming data into log₁₀ (n+1), where n is the number of egg per gram feces and analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS. Prevalence of parasite and Fecal Egg Count varied significantly (P<0.01) in all six goat populations. The highest prevalence (88.89%) of Haemonchus contortus infection was found in Enshi Black and the highest parasitic load (527.74 ±78.13 epg) was found in Chinese hybrid goat population. Most of the individuals, except Chinese hybrid goats, had Fecal Egg Count less than 300 epg. Fecal Egg Count between sexes within breed of goat did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Black Bengal goat in the hilly region of Bangladesh was the least susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection in term of Fecal Egg Count. Our study suggests that Chinese goat breeds were more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection as compared to Black Bengal goat of Bangladesh under natural grazing condition. Further studies on immune-genetics aspects of goats might be helpful to find out the actual causes of such differences and to develop disease resistant breed of goat.

Keywords: Goat, Haemonchus contortus, Fecal egg, Infection

Location: Natore and Bandarban

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat, Diseases and insects

Objectives:

This study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate genetically resistance or susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection between and within goat populations of China and Bangladesh under natural grazing condition that might be helpful to get basic information for innovation of the genetically resistant goat breed in future.

Methodology:

Ethics statement- All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All animals used in this study were treated according to the guidelines for experimental animals established by the Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. Experimental sites- In Bangladesh, experimental sites were two districts (Natore and Bandarban). GPS coordinates of two locations were N: 24⁰07.163′; E: 89⁰03.997′ and N: 24⁰47.523; E: 091⁰43.893 for Natore and Bandarban Hill district, respectively. Bandarban Hill district was hilly region and Natore was plain land of the country. In China, experimental animals were selected from southern China (Enshi, and Yichang) in Hubei province that represents the Southern part of China. GPS coordinates of two locations were N: 30⁰43’; E: 111⁰17’ and N: 30⁰17’; E: 109⁰29’ for Yichang and Enshi city respectively. Animal selection and Sample collection- Present study were conducted in goat breeds of Yichang White (n=32), Nanjiang Yellow (n=56), Enshi Black (n=37), Chinese Crossbred goat (n=155) from China and Black Bengal goat of Hilly region (BBH, n=37) and Black Bengal goat of western part (BBW, n=113) from Bangladesh. A. Two regions of Natore and Bandarban district in Bangladesh; B: Two regions of Enshi city and Yichang city of Hubei province in China. Different goat breeds or population of China and Bangladesh used in this study; (A) Nanjiang yellow, (B) Yichang white, (C) Enshi Black, (D) Chinese hybrid (Crossbred), (E) Black Bengal goat (Western region) and (F) Black Bengal goat (Hilly region). Feacal samples were collected for Fecal Egg Counts (FEC) from each individual under natural grazing condition from May to July in 2014 and 2015 after the rainfall before deworming the animals. Age, Sex and Body weight were recorded. Blood samples were collected only from Bangladeshi goats for measurement of Pack Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb) value. Faeces and hematological test- Fresh fecal sample (near to 5 gm) was collected by the two fingering method from each goat to estimate FEC. FEC were determined using saturated salt solution technique and were quantified using the modified McMaster’s technique to determine fecal egg number and to identify different ova and oocyst of nematode species following Zajac and Conboy (2012) and expressed in eggs per gram (epg). The number of eggs per gram of faeces was calculated using the following formula: Egg/gm = [no. of egg counted x (T/V)]/F Where, T = Total volume of faeces/floatation solution mixture, V = Volume of aliquot examined in slide, F = grams of faeces used. The sensitivity was 50 i.e. each egg represented 50 epg. Blood samples were collected for hematological assessment from jugular vein from Black Bengal goat in EDTA coated venoject tube and maintain proper cool chain before analysis. PCV was determined by the Micro hematocrit centrifuge method and result was expressed in percentage (%). Hemoglobin value was determined by the use of Sahli’s acid haematin method and the result was expressed in g/dl. Statistical Analysis- Since the FEC data were not normally distributed, i.e. they were positively skewed, logarithmic transformation were applied before analysis. The descriptive statistics viz., arithmetic mean, variance, standard error, student t-test etc was done following the procedure described by Snedecor and Cochran (1980) after data were transformed into log₁₀ (n+1), where n is the number of egg per gram feces. Analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS (SAS Institute Inc. USA, 1998).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 473-481, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study indicates that Chinese goats were more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection as compared to Bangladeshi goats. Between and within population variation existed in breeds of goats in both countries. Younger goats were more susceptible to Haemonchus infection in both countries. Further studies on immune-genetics aspects of goats of two countries might be helpful to find out the actual causes of such differences and also help us to do association work to find out the disease resistant breed of goats.

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