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Garbage Waste Induced Heavy Metals on Roaming Cattle

A S S Hossain
Student
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University

M. A. Tarafder
SSO
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA)

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Emerging evidence has shown that municipal garbage waste contains higher amount of heavy metals and increases health and environmental hazards. Little is known, however, about such wastes use as animal food to fate in products level, in dairy cattle roaming freely. To address these, garbage waste as cattle feed, feces and milk samples from roaming dairy cattle were collected from four areas and simultaneously assess heavy metals concentrations. The study areas were Aqua Morolbari (AM; used as control area), Kachijuli Bazar (KB), Machua Bazar (MB), and Mymensingh Medical College (MMC). Emerging evidence has shown that municipal garbage waste contains higher amount of heavy metals and increases health and environmental hazards. Although faeces and milk samples expressed similar trends, feces samples was solely maintained higher chromium concentrations than to garbage waste and milk samples. A significant changes of zinc (Zn) concentrations was observed in collected garbage waste of MB and MMC than to AM and KB. Milk samples showed similar results. In contrast, an increased zinc concentration was found in areas of KB, MB and MMC feces samples as compared to AM. Compared to Aqua Morolbari area, Machua Bazar and Mymensingh Medical College area’s garbage contained significant amount of lead (Pb) levels. There was an increase amount of lead presence in feces and milk samples compared to the control zone. A significant amount of cadmium (Cd) was found in KB, MB and MMC compared to AM. Feces samples were responded similarly. In contrast, both MB and MMC showed a higher concentration of cadmium in milk samples than rest of the two sites. From the results, it was clearly revealed that roaming cattle were daily consumed garbage wastes which possessed heavy metals such as Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd, to a major extent, resulting in introduction of trace elements in the human food chain.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Garbage waste, Milk, feces, Roaming dairy cattle, Urban areas

Location: Mymensingh town

Start Date: 00-07-2016

End Date: 00-08-2016

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Milk

Objectives:

To quantify heavy metals content in urban feed wastes, feces and milk of roaming dairy cattle

Methodology:

Selection of study site: Mymensingh Medical College area (MMC), Machua Bazar area (MB), Kachijuli Bazar area (KB) and Aqua Morolbari area under Mymensingh Municipal Corporation were selected to conduct the research. Aqua Morolbari was used as control area of this study. The study areas were chosen on the basis of having a higher concentration of roaming cattle in Mymensingh Municipal Corporation. Selection of dairy cattle owner: Ward councilor or local community police gave necessary informations regarding dairy herd owner in those selected municipal areas. The study time was July-August 2016. The cattle keepers were selected who rear dairy cattle and able to give information when necessary. Sample collection: Garbage wastes were collected from marked two dustbins or scattered wastes from each site and then packed for laboratory analysis. Four dairy cattle were chosen from each study site and collar marked for identification. A representative amount of feces and 1 kg of milk were collected from each cow. During feces and milk collection, a close monitoring and observation was continued during study time so that accurate sample of milk and feces were being collected from those animals which usually used the marked wastes collection zone. Quantification of heavy metals:Collected samples such as garbage waste, feces and milk were prepared according to standard protocol of heavy metals quantifications. Samples were analyzed at laboratory of soil science division under Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. Brielfly, in a 150 beaker, 10 ml of 1:1 HNO3 to 2 g of air-dried polluted garbage waste (<1mm) was added. The beaker was placed on a hot plate, covered with a watch glass and heated (reflux) at 95 0C for 15 minutes. The digest was cool down and again added 5 ml of conc. HNO3 and heated for an additional 30 minutes at 95 0C. The last step was repeated thus reduced the solution to about 5 ml without boiling (by only partially covering the beaker). Furthermore, the sample was cooled and added 2 ml of deionized water and 3 ml of 30% H2O2. With the beaker covered, the sample was headed gently to start the peroxide reaction. Addition of 30% H2O2 was continued in 1 ml increments, followed by gentle heating until the effervescence subside. Then 5 ml of 1N. HCl and 10 ml of deionized water was added and heated the sample for an additional 15 minutes without boiling. The sample was cool down again and did filter through a Whitman No. 42 filter paper. The sample was diluted to 50 ml with deionized water and analyzed for Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The above protocols were followed in case of feces and milk that the dairy cow acts like a very good filter for air-born heavy metals. It appears conclusive that a homeostatic mechanism regulates the transfer of most of the heavy metals into milk, at least for the range of concentrations studied.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 2017. 46 (1): 24-28

Article Link (Online Journal): https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJAS/article/view/32172

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was concluded that garbage waste, feces and milk content heavy metals to a major extent. Heavy metals in milk came from that contaminated garbage waste. More pronounced levels of heavy metals were found in Mymensingh Medical College (MMC) area in terms of all assessed heavy metals.

Knowledge Management: Journal