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Impact of Adopting Salt Tolerant Rice Varieties in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Mohammad Rashidul Haque
SSO
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Razia Sultana
PSO
1Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md Habibur Rahman
SO
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Syful Islam
SO
1Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Ahmed Khairul Hasan*
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice cultivation in saline prone area is very difficult. Some recently developed salt tolerant rice varieties are introduced in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. But their impact on income analysis is not done yet. The present study was designed to assess the adoption and impact on income of salt tolerant rice varieties viz., Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 cultivation in coastal areas of Bangladesh. In total 300 farmers from six salt tolerant rice growing areas, namely Patuakhali, Cox’s Bazar, Chittagang, Bagerhat, Khulna and Sathkhira districts were taken to conduct the present study. Profitability analysis was done to achieve the objectives of the study. The major findings of the study revealed that the average cost of production of salt tolerant rice variety (Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10) was Tk 62670 ha⁻¹ . Average cost of production for Binadhan-8 was Tk 61729 ha⁻¹ and it was Tk 63611 ha⁻¹ for Binadhan-10. Per hectare gross return of Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 were Tk 81934 and Tk 94786, respectively. Therefore, ha−1 average cost as well as gross return of Binadhan-10 was higher than that of Binadhan-8. Average ha−1 net return received by adopting farmers was Tk 25690 and it was higher in case of Binadhan-10 (Tk 31175) than Binadhan-8 (Tk 20205). In the study area, the average yield of Binadhan-10 (5.45 t ha⁻¹ ) was higher than Binadhan-8 (4.92 t ha⁻¹ ). The undiscounted benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.40 which indicates that cultivation of these varieties is profitable to the farmers when all sorts of cost were taken into consideration. Results also revealed that most of the farmers are not using the recommended technologies regarding input usage and agronomic practices. The highest area coverage of salt tolerant rice varieties (Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10) was in Cox’s Bazar district which is 3.7% of total cultivated area followed by Chittagong (2.62%), Bagerhat (2.40%), Patuakhali (2.18%) and Khulna (1.53%), respectively. In the study area, the highest income impact (27.1%) was in Sathkhira district, and it was the lowest (12.91%) in Patuakhali district.

Keywords: Salt tolerant rice varieties, Adoption, Benefit cost ratio, Coastal area, Bangladesh

Location: Patuakhali, Cox’s Bazar, Chittagang, Bagerhat, Khulna and Sathkhira

Start Date: 01-07-2015

End Date: 31-06-2016

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Rice, Soil salinity

Objectives:

In view of the above, this study was conducted to achieve the following objectives: (i) to estimate the profitability of salt tolerant rice variety Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10, (ii) to know the adoption status of salt tolerant rice variety Binadhan8 and Binadhan-10 in the coastal region, (iii) to identify the impact of these variety on farmers income, and (iv) to identify the problems and suggest some policies for salt tolerant variety cultivation.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in six coastal areas of Bangladesh, namely Sathkhira, Patuakhali, Cox’s Bazar, Chittagang, Bagerhat and Khulna during Boro season of 2015. A total of 300 farmers (50 from each district) were randomly selected by using multi stage sampling method in the study area. Data were collected from Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 growers through interview schedule. Collected data were edited (means data collected in local unit, was converted into standard unit), summarized, tabulated and analyzed to fulfill the objectives of the study. To determine the profitability of salt tolerant rice varieties, cost and return analysis was done using the following profit equation (Dillon and Hardaker, 1993). ∏ = ∑PmQm − ∑(PxiXi) − TFC (1) where, ∏ = net return (Tk ha⁻¹ ), Pm = per unit price of produce (Tk kg⁻¹ ), Qm = quantity of the production (kg ha⁻¹ ), Pxi = per unit price of ith inputs (Tk), Xi = quantity of the ith inputs ha⁻¹ (kg), TFC = total fixed cost (Tk), and i = 1, 2, 3, . . . , n (number of inputs). Gross return Per hectare gross return was calculated by multiplying the total amount of product and byproduct by their respective per unit prices. Net return Net return was calculated by deducting the total production cost from the total return or gross return. That is, Net return = Total return – Total production cost Gross margin Gross margin is defined as the difference between gross return and variable costs. Generally, farmers want maximum return over variable cost of production. The argument for using the gross margin analysis is that the farmers are interested to get returns over variable cost. Gross margin was calculated on TVC basis. Per hectare gross margin was obtained by subtracting variable costs from gross return. That is, Gross margin = Gross return – Variable cost (Uddin and Fatema, 2016). For determining the adoption level of technologies for Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 varieties cultivation, farmers were classified into three categories in terms of agronomic practices, time of operation, and input use. The categories were developed based on the mean index of the farmers with respect to each technology. A higher index indicates a higher level of adoption, while a lower index indicates a lower level of adoption of a technology. Technology adoption level was categorized based on mean index >100 as ‘overuse’, 70-100 as ‘high’, 50-69 as ‘medium’ and <50 as ‘low’, which was adopted by by several researchers (Islam et al., 2013; Salam et al., 2003, 2011; Miah et al., 2010; Akter et al., 2010).

Source of Information: Fundamental and Applied Agriculture Vol. 4(2), pp. 823–828: 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.5455/faa.19122

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Since the introduction of salt tolerant rice varieties has already shown profitable and farmer’s annual income also has increased by cultivating of these varieties among the study areas, it should be rational to bring more unutilized saline areas under saline tolerant rice varieties cultivation like Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10. By giving proper training to the farmer about recommended sowing and fertilizing procedure, paddy production will be increased and thus it will help to continue self-sufficiency in food grains and therefore to promote the enhanced living standard of the coastal people of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal