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Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Yield Variation in Sesame Genotypes

M. Akter
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman AgriculturalUniversity,Gazipur-1706

Q. A. Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur ahman AgriculturalUniversity,Gazipur-1706

J. U. Ahmed
Department of Crop Botany Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman AgriculturalUniversity,Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706 from March to June 2014 to evaluate growth and yield performance of sesame genotypes. Five sesame genotypes i.e. DB-6992, BD-6995, BD-7001, BD-7011 and Hathazari-4 were used in the study. The genotypes significantly differed in photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and seed yield. The earliest genotype was Hathazari-4 and the latest was BD-7011. The highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, capsule dry weight, leaf area index, light interception, photosynthetic rate were recorded in genotype Hathazari-4. The number of capsules plant^-1 and the number of seeds capsule^-1 were also highest in the genotype Hathazari-4, while the lowest was being noticed in the genotype BD- 7001. Weight of 1000-seed was the maximum in genotype BD-6992 and the minimum in the genotype BD- 7011. The highest seed yield (3.52 tha^-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4 and the lowest in the genotypes BD-6992 followed by BD-7001. The highest oil content (41.39%) was recorded in the genotype BD-6992 and the lowest (39.72%) in the genotype Hathazari-4 but the highest oil yield (1.53 t ha^-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4. It may be concluded that the sesame genotype Hathazari-4 may be cultivated for higher seed yield and oil production.

Keywords: Photosynthetic rate, Light interception, Dry matter partitioning, Seed and oil yield, Sesame

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Start Date: 00-03-2014

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sesame

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to identify the best sesame genotypes based on photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and yield.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Field Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706 from March, 2014 to June, 2014. It is located in Madhupur Tract under Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) 28. The soil of the experimental site is silty clay in topsoil and silty clay loam in subsoil. The site is situated in the sub-tropical region characterized by heavy rainfall during monsoon at the months from March to June and scanty rainfall in the rest of the months of the year. The five selected sesame genotypes were BD-6992, BD-6995, BD-7001, BD-7011 and Hathazari-4. The land preparation was done well by repeated ploughing and cross-ploughing with a tractor drawn disc plough and then harrowed. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The unit plot size was 1.2m × 1.5m. All the treatment plots were fertilized with 43.4, 23, 40.5, 18, 2 and 0.8 kg of N P K S Zn and B ha^-1, respectively as urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and borax (BARC, 2012). Total amount of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum fertilizers were applied plot wise during final land preparation before sowing. 2/3 (43.4 kg) nitrogen as basal and all the fertilizers were applied by broadcasting and mixed thoroughly with soil. One- third (21.6 kg) N was top dressed at 20 days after emergence (DAE). Sesame seeds at the rate of 3.5 kg ha^-1 were sown in line by hand on 3 March, 2014. Sesame took 3-4 days to emergence. Pre-sowing irrigation was given to ensure the maximum germination percentage. Subsequent irrigation was also provided to avoid moisture stress. Three times weeding and mulching, two times insecticides spraying were performed to keep the field free from pests. Data on agronomic traits regarding on phenological and morphological characters of sesame including days to first flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, dry weight of leaves per plant, dry weight of stem per plant were recorded. Data on yield and yield contributing characters were measured from randomly selected plants. Leaf area index (LAI) and Light interception (LI) were measured by using standard formulae. The formulae used for different parameters are given below.

Leaf area index (LAI) = Leaf area/Ground area occupied by plant

Light transmission ratio (LTR) =l/Io x 100

Where, Io = Photosynthetically active radiation on the top of the canopy, I = Photosynthetically active radiation on the base of the canopy.

Light interception (LI %) = 100 (%) - LTR (%)

Dry weight of leaves per plant =Leaf dry weight (g)/Number of plants
Dry weight of stem per plant =Leaf dry weight (g)/ Number of plants

Oil content (percent) =Weight of oil extracted(g)/Weight of samples x 100

Oil yield was determined as follows:
Oil yield (t ha^-1) =Grain yield/ Oil content (%)
The collected data were analyzed statistically and the mean differences were adjusted by Least Significance Difference (LSD) test at a significance level of 0.05 (Gomez and Gomez, 1986).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 19-28

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Genotypic variability in terms of photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning, seed and oil yield was found in five sesame genotypes. Based on the present study it could be concluded that sesame genotype Hathazari-4 showed the best performance in terms of photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning, seed yield and oil yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal