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Screening of Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes at Reproductive Stage for Their Tolerance to Salinity

M. M. Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

M. H. Faruqe
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

M. S. Rana
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

M. Akter
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

M. A. Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur- 1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soil salinity is one of the most devastating environmental stresses for rice production in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Improvement in salt tolerance of rice is an important way for the economic utilization of coastal zones. An experiment was conducted at the vinyl house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh during December 2016 to April 2017 to determine the effects of different salinity levels on the yield and yield components of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotype sand finally, screening of rice genotypes for salt tolerance. The experiment containing four treatments was laid out in a complete randomized design with five replications. The treatments were four levels of saline water with electrical conductivities at control (0.3 dSm^-1), 5, 10 and 15dSm^-1. Based on screening at germination stage, relatively salt-tolerant eleven genotypes with two check varieties were used in this experiment. The study showed that increase in salinity level significantly decreased yield and yield contributing characters of rice. However, among the eleven, three genotypes (Chapali, Patnai 23 and Soloi) were considered as moderately salt tolerant at 15 dSm^-1 on the basis of their yields and yield contributing characteristics such as plant height reduction, total tiller reduction, effective tiller reduction, reduction of fertile grains per panicle, grain yield and relative grain yield. Therefore, Chapali, Patnai 23 and Soloi might be recommended as moderately salt tolerant rice genotypes.

Keywords: Salinity, Rice, Ggenotypes, Yield components, Tolerance

Location: Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-04-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Soil salinity, Rice

Objectives:

The objectives of the study was to provide information on the effect of salinity on yield and yield components of rice genotypes and finally screening of rice genotypes for salinity tolerance.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during December 2016 to April 2017. The site is located at 24⁰0^/ N latitude and 90⁰25^/ E longitude at an elevation of 8.4 m above the sea level. The experiment was conducted in pots soil kept in vinyl house. Plants were grown in perforated plastic pots soil (drilled and lined with canvas).The pots were placed inside a bucket serving as water baths. Based on screening at germination stage, relatively salt-tolerant eleven genotypes with two standard check variety BRRI dhan47 as tolerant and IR29 as susceptible (Islam et al., 2008) were used in this experiment. The genotypes were collected from Genetic Resources Unit of BSMRAU and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments where each treatment replicated five times. Four pre germinated seeds were sown at the soil surface of each pot (Gregorio et al., 1997) and finally one seedling was kept in each pot. Three levels of saline water with electrical conductivities at 5, 10 and 15 dSm^-1 and ordinary tap water as the control made up a total of four salinity treatments. The pots were irrigated with ordinary tap water until 60 days of sowing. Then saline water collected from the coastal areas and it was diluted at 5, 10 and 15 dSm^-1.After 60 days of seed sowing the treatment of saline water as control (0.3 dSm^-1), 5, 10 and 15 dSm^-1 was added in bucket. However, before exposing the plants with the respective salinity treatments, they were exposed to 2.5 dSm^-1 salinity for 5 days to protect the plants from osmotic shock. Afterwards, plants of the treatments of 5, 10 and 15 dSm^-1 were irrigated with 3.5, 7.5 and 12 dSm^-1 respectively for 7 days. Control plants were irrigated with tap water (0.3 dSm^-1). After application of saline water, the soil slowly absorbed the salt and the salinity was developed in the soil and finally attained an equilibrium condition between water and soil salinity. Soil salinity decreased gradually at the end of crop life cycle. Water level was maintained daily (1 cm above soil surface) by adding ordinary tap water. BRRI recommended cultural practices like nutrient management, weed management, pest management were done as and when necessary (BRRI, 2017). The crops were harvested at the time of maturity and data on plant height (cm), total tillers per hill, effective tillers per hill, length of panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000 seed weight and grain yield were recorded. 1000-seed were counted by Multi Auto Counter (Model DC 1 No. 102, Ever well Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and weighed with an electronic balance. Seed yield of each pot was recorded and adjusted to 12% moisture content and mean was expressed on per plant basis. To check the salinity level gained by the soil at the end of the experiment, sampling of soil and saturation paste extract was carried out and soil salinity was measured after harvesting using EC meter. Reduction (%) of plant characters- The reduction (%) of plant character was calculated with the following equation Reduction (%) = Plant character at control - Plant character at saline condition/Plant character at control condition. Statistical analysis-The collected data were analyzed to assess their statistical significance. Statistic 10 program were used to perform statistical analysis. Means were separated by least significant difference (LSD).

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 16(1): 65-77 (2018)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that salinity stress decreased plant height, number of total and effective tillers per hill, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000- seed weight and finally, grain yield of rice. The study revealed that the rice genotypes Chapali, Patnai 23 and Soloi could adapt to salinity of 15 dSm^-1.

Knowledge Management: Journal