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Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Locally Improved Rice Varieties in Rice Based Tidal Flooded Ecosystem of Bangladesh

A. A. Mamun*
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. M. Haque
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Q. A. Khaliq
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. A. Karim
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

J. M. S. Karim
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

A. J. Mridha
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. A. Saleque
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An on farm field experiment was conducted to evaluate locally improved aman rice varieties in terms of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in southern region of Bangladesh. The treatments were: i. deep placement of urea (UDP) before panicle initiation stage and ii. farmers’ practice (FP/control). The locally popular rice varieties were used as planting materials. Higher panicles m^-2 and grains panicle^-1 was obtained from UDP application compared to FP. Nitrogen fertilization increases grain and straw nitrogen content significantly. Application of urea before panicle initiation stage gave considerable higher grain yield in all cultivated varieties. Cultivated aman varieties produced 2.0 to 2.5 t ha^-1 grain without application of N fertilizer. But, cultivated local variety Razashail, Kutiagoni, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Lalmota and Sadamota gave 3.0 to 3.5 t ha^-1 grain in tidal prone areas with UDP. Hence, application of urea gave yield advantage by 0.5 to 1.0 t ha^-1. The highest internal, agronomic, recovery and physiological efficiency; nitrogen harvest and grain yield efficiency index was obtained from Kutiagoni, Lalpayka, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Moulata and Lalmota. Based on the yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, it could be concluded that UDP before panicle initiation stage is an effective option of urea application for rice cultivation in tidal prone areas.

Keywords: Grain yield, Nitrogen uptake, Nitrogen harvest index, Rice cultivars, Tidal ecosystem

Location: Gournadi, Bakergonj of Barisal and Batagi under Borguna district

Start Date: 00-07-2013

End Date: 00-12-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Fertilizer

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate locally improved aman rice varieties in terms of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in tidal ecosystem of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A farmer participatory field experiment was conducted at Gournadi, Bakergonj of Barisal and Batagi under Borguna district. The area covers southern part of the country belongs to Agro Ecological Zone-13 named Ganges Tidal Floodplain. The experiment was conducted during July to December, 2013. Only urea super granule (USG of 1.8g size) applied in treatment plots. No fertilizer was applied in farmers practice (FP) plot. Locally popular Aman varieties were used as planting materials. The urea super granule (USG) was applied at first week of September to October (before PI). As the site of experiment was flooded daily, USG was applied after recession of tidal water. The experiment is laid out in split plot design with three replications.

The panicle numbers were determined from 16 hill sample at harvesting. The grains were separated and counted following standard procedures (Yoshida et al., 1976). Rice plants from 5 m² area of the middle of each plot were harvested at ground level and threshed. The grains were dried in sunlight and winnowed before weighing and the seed yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content. Grain and straw nitrogen was determined from the collected plant samples by micro Kjeldahl method (Yoshida et al., 1976). The efficiency of applied N and N taken up by the rice crop were assessed using the following five different indices (Dobermann and Fairhurst, 2000).

Agronomic efficiency (AE): AE is the kg grain yield increase kg^-1 N applied. AE_N

= (GY₊ _N - GY_0N) / FN; Where, AE_N = AE of N; GY₊ _N = Grain yield due to addition of FN; GY₀ _N = Grain yield without addition of N; FN = Amount of N applied (kg ha^-1).

Recovery efficiency (RE): RE is the kg N taken up by the crop kg^-1 N applied. RE_N = (UN₊ _N - UN_0N) / FN; Where, RE_N = RE of N; UN₊ _N = Plant N uptake with addition of FN; UN₀ _N = Plant N uptake without addition of N; FN = Amount of N applied (kg ha^-1).
Physiological efficiency (PE): PE is the kg grain yield increase kg^-1 N taken up. PE_N = (GY₊ _N – GY₀ _N) / (UN₊ _N – UN₀ _N); Where, PE_N = Physiological efficiency of N; GY₊ _N = Grain yield due to addition of FN; GY_0N = Grain yield without addition of N; UN₊ _N = Plant N uptake with addition of FN; UN_0N = Plant N uptake without addition of N.
Partial factor productivity (PFP): PFP is the kg grain yield kg^-1 N applied. PFP_N = GY₊ _N / FN; Where, PFP_N = PFP of N; GY₊ _N = Grain yield due to addition of FN; FN = Amount of N applied (kg ha^-1).
Internal efficiency (IE): IE is the kg grain yield kg^-1 N taken up. IE_N = GY / UN; Where, IE_N = Internal efficiency of N; GY = Grain yield (kg ha^-1); UN = Total N uptake (kg ha^-1).
Nitrogen harvest index (NHI): Nitrogen harvest index is defined as the ratio between nitrogen (N) uptake in grain and N uptake in grain plus straw or shoot.

Nitrogen harvest index = Nitrogen uptake in grain / Nitrogen uptake in grain and shoot

Grain yield efficiency index (GYEI): Grain yield is the best measure of a genotype evaluation in a screening (Fageria and Santos, 2014).

GYEI = (GY₁ / AYG₁) × (GY₂ / AGY₂)

Where, GY₁ = Grain yield at control, AGY₁ = average grain yield of genotypes at control, GY₂ = grain yield at N applied and AGY₂ = average grain yield of genotypes at N applied. Genotypes having GYEI values >1.0 were classified as efficient, genotypes which were having GYEI between 0.5 to 1.0 were classified as moderately efficient and those with GYEI values <0.5 were classified as inefficient.

Data analysis

Record data were analyzed statistically using MSTAT-C (Russell, 2010) package and difference among the treatment means were adjust using Duncan’s multiple range tests (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(2): 39-49

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Achievement/Findings:

Results of this study showed that cultivated aman varieties produced 2.0 to 2.5 t ha^-1 grain without application of N fertilizer. But, local variety Razashail, Kutiagoni, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Lalmota and Sadamota varieties gave 3.0 to 3.5 t ha^-1 grain in tidal prone areas with the deep placement of urea super granule (USG). Similarly, the highest internal, agronomic, recovery and physiological efficiency; nitrogen harvest and grain yield efficiency index was obtained from Kutiagoni, Lalpayka, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Moulata and Lalmota. Thus, application of USG before panicle initiation stage is an effective option for urea application in tidal prone areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal