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Grain Growth of Wheat Under Prevailing Air Temperature

M.A.K. Mian
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701

M.R. Islam
RARS, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

J. Hossain
RARS, Ishwardi Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

M.A.Aziz
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishwardi, Pabna in two consecutive years of 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to quantify the effect of temperature on phenological duration and grain growth of wheat. Temperature variation was created by changing sowing date (15 November=S1, 30 November=S2, 15 December=S3 and 30 December=S4). Results revealed that reproductive phase was more sensitive to high temperature as compared to vegetative phase of wheat. Reproductive phase reduced from 54 to 37 days in 2010-2011 and from 64 to 34 days in 2011-2012 as influenced by higher air temperature under late sowing. Duration of reproductive phase was strongly and negatively correlated with mean air temperature (r=-0.64 to -0.96 at p<0.01). Maximum grain growth (49.12-50.18 mg grain^-1) was recorded at 55 days after anthesis in 30 November sowing in both the years. Grain growth was negatively correlated (r=-0.80 at p<0.01) with mean air temperature during grain growth period. Grain yield was the highest (4560-6080 kg ha^-1) in 30 November sowing, afterwards it reduced in both the years. Grain yield was negatively correlated (r=-0.70 at p<0.01) with mean air temperature of grain growth period. Rising of air temperature at grain filling stage subjected to reduced grain yield of wheat. Effect of temperature on grain yield of wheat can be explained about 88% by the function of Y= -14910+ 2069X-52.67X² (R² = 0.88). Rising of one degree (^oC) temperature above optimum (19.64 ⁰C) grain yield reduced @ 53 kg ha^-1 (0.98%).

Keywords: Phenological duration, Grain growth, Wheat, Air temperature

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to quantify the effect of temperature on phenology and grain growth of wheat under late sown irrigated condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during the rabi season of 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The experiment was laid out in a RCB design with four replications. Unit plot size was 6 m × 5 m. Soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam. Wheat var. BARI Gom-26 was used as test crop in the experiment. The treatment was 15 November= S₁, 30 November= S₂, 15 December= S₃ and 30 December= S₄. The crop was fertilized with 80-35-55-20-1.2 kg ha⁻¹ of N-P-K-S-B. All nutrients including 2/3 of N were applied as basal.

Rest of 1/3 of N was top dressed at CRI stage. Three irrigations were applied at CRI, booting and grain filling stages. Weed control was done at 25 days after emergence by spading in between rows. No disease and insect control is needed. Data on duration of phenological phases, grain weight at 5 days interval starting from 20 days after anthesis, grain yield, and daily air temperature were recorded. Air temperature was calculated on the basis average of daily maximum and minimum temperature. Crop was harvested on 25 March, 1 April, 2 April and 4 April respectively in 2011 and on 15 March, 22 March, 28 March and 7 April, respectively in 2012. Data were analyzed and presented in Tables and Figures. Optimum temperature was estimated using the functional model as below (Mian et al., 2011).

Y=a + bx- cx²

Y=Grain yield of wheat (dependent variable) a=intercept (constant)

x=mean air temperature (independent variable)

b and c are the rates of change of grain yield due to change of air temperature Optimum temperature for maximum grain yield of wheat (Yw)= (-b)/2c

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(2): 79-85

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Reproductive phase as well as field duration of wheat would be reduced as influenced by air temperature at later sowing (after 30 November). Grain growth was higher in 30 November sowing and it was negatively correlated (r=-0.80 at p<0.01) with mean air temperature. Rising of one degree (^oC) temperature above optimum (19.64 ⁰C) grain yield would be reduced @ 53 kg ha^-1 (0.98%).

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