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Differential Thermal Analysis of Argon and Oxygen Plasma Treated Jute

Dr. Md. Masnoor Anwer
Principle Scientific Officer
BJRI, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207

Md. Mahbubul Hoque
Scientific Officer
BJRI, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment, a kind of environmentally friendly surface modification technique, was applied to biodegradable and ligno-cellulosic jute fibre with the use of two non-polymerizing gases, namely argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) at various discharge power levels of 50, 75 and 100 W and exposure times 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. with a flow rate of 0.2 L/min. Differential thermal properties of both raw and low temperature Ar and O2 plasma treated jute were studied at various discharge power levels and exposure times. From Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), it is seen that a broad endothermic peak was observed in the temperature range of 60–120ºC in both raw jute and LTP treated jute. Degradation temperature of cellulose increases slightly with the increment of both discharge powers and exposure times when LTP treatment done by the Ar or by the O2. In addition, degradation temperature of hemicellulose remain constant when treatment was done by the Ar plasma but for the case of O2 plasma, degradation temperature increases with the increase of discharge power as well as treatment time. From the DTA thermo gram, it is seen that the fibres degradation temperatures for both the cellulose and hemicellulose were unstable.

Keywords: Differential Thermal Analysis, Discharge Power, Exposure Time, Jute and Plasma

Location: Electronics & Equipment Development & Maintenance Dept., BJRI, Dhaka-1207

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

Thermal analysis comprises a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme. In differential thermal analysis, the temperature difference that develops between a sample and an inert reference material is measured, when both are subjected to identical heat treatments. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is a thermo analytic technique . DTA is applied to study structural and phase change that occurs during heating a polymeric sample. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference. This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve or thermo gram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation.

Jute is a golden fibre as well as a major cash crop of Bangladesh. A great advantage of jute fibre is that, it is environment friendly natural fibre. This natural fibre earns a lot of foreign currency by its export and its various products. Jute plays a very important role in the socio-economic activities of Bangladesh . Prospect for producing a wide variety of jute products and thus maximum utilization of jute in the possible fields of textile sectors as well as thermal sectors are very encouraging. At present jute is facing tough competition from the convenient and competitive synthetics counter parts in the world market. The only way to save jute is through its uses in various diversified ways. Hence for better perform ability and to explore diverse use of jute, study of thermal properties of jute fibre is very important.

Methodology:

Low Temperature Plasma Treatment: Jute fibres (Corchorus Olitorius or Tossa jute) were collected from the local market in Bangladesh. The fibres were introduced into a bell jar type capacitively coupled glow discharge reactor. To sustain a glow discharge i.e. for getting proper and uniform plasma, the conductive electrodes are separated 0.035 m apart from each other. In order to exposed all through uniform LTP treatment on the samples surface, the fibres (length of each fibre: 0.08 m) were inserted in between the two metallic electrodes by a carrier. After placing jute fibres between pair of electrodes, the glow discharge chamber was evacuated by a rotary pump at a pressure of 1.33 Pa. Ar was considered as plasma gas for treating the jute fibre. In all treatments, both process gases were introduced separately into the reaction chamber by a flow meter at a flow rate of 0.2 L/min. which is maintained by a needle valve. The discharge powers were adjusted at 50, 75 and 100 W at a line frequency of 50 Hz with the duration of exposure times of LTP treatment of fibres were 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. After plasma treatment has been finished, and the vacuum chamber was vented, jute samples were then removed and handled carefully in order to avoid possible surface contamination to the fibres. Later, the plasma treated fibres were immediately placed into a desiccator with the silica gel.

Sample Preparation: In preparing the samples, both raw and plasma treated jute fibres were cut into small pieces of sizes of about 1.0-2.0 mm. By mortar and pestle these small pieces of jute were ground, crushed and mixed in order to convert into powder form. Finally, the jute powders were sieved by a very fine and thin net to make the powder finer. The powdered form jute of about 200 mg. was then put in a specially prepared high-pressure die. In order to make the tablets from jute powder, a high pressure (14000 psi) was applied by a hydraulic press (Model: X30659, 0-16000 psi, Mold Pressure, P.S.I: 1" and 5/4" Mold, Will Corporation, NY, USA). The diameter and the thickness of each equipped tablet was 13.5 and 1.5 mm respectively. In this way twenty five types tablets (one tablet was for raw jute and another twelve were for LTP treated jute) were prepared with treated jute samples of different discharge powers and exposure times. All the tablets were oven-dried at 100 °C for 20 minutes before characterization of the samples.

Differential Thermal Analysis: The DTA and TGA traces are taken in the temperature range of 25 to 500 ?C at a scan rate of 10 ?C/min. using model TG/DTA 6300, SII, SEIKO INSTRUMENTS Inc., JAPAN to investigate the thermal behavior of the raw jute and LTP treated jute.

Source of Information: International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS); ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-4, Issue-10, October 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the analyses, it is seen that the degradation temperature of hemicellulose treated by the Ar plasma remain constant but the degradation temperature increases with the increase of both discharge power and exposure time for the case of O2 plasma. Moreover, it is seen from the above analyses that the degradation temperature of cellulose treated by the Ar and O2 plasmas increases slightly with the increase of both discharge powers and exposure times. The fibre degradation temperatures for both cellulose and hemicellulose becoming unstable may be due to the endothermic and exothermic reactions by which the polymeric bonds of jute fibre break and undergo decomposition. This may also due to the formation of new inter monomeric bonds in them in the polymeric compounds of jute after the LTP treatment.

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