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Effect of Seed Moisture Content and Storage Container on Seed Viability and Vigour of Soybean

M. R. Ali
Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura

M. M. Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Wadud
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. H. F. Fahim
Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura

M. S. Nahar
Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soybean (Glycine max) seed loses its viability in the storage which causes shortage in supply of quality seed and consequently hinders the expansion of soybean cultivation in Bangladesh.Losses of seed viability of soybean (Glycine max) in traditional storage is very common in the tropical environment. An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jamalpur in 2011 and 2012 to find out the effect of seed moisture content and types of storage container on soybean seed germination and seedling vigour. In 2011, soybean seed having 94% initial germination was stored at 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels but in 2012 seeds having 96% initial germination was stored at 6, 8, 10 and 12% initial moisture levels in four different types of storage containers viz., polythene bag, plastic pot, tin can and glass jar. were days after storage ().The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. In 2011, high germination of soybean seed (77-85%) was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 8% initial seed moisture content (SMC) in any of the containers. Germination index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin preserved higher seed moisture contents of 9.93, 11.71 and 14.15% for seed stored at 8%, 10% and 12% initial seed moisture content, respectively. In 2012, 80-94% seed germination was retained at 200 DAS for those stored at 6% initial SMC in any of the containers. The germination declined to a range between 75.0 and 91.3% within 200 DAS at 8% initial SMC while those stored at 12% SMC showed rapid germination loss and the value showed down to between 9.3 and 22.0%. Vigour index and seedling dry matter decreased with increased initial seed moisture content irrespective of storage containers used. Tin also Seeds stored in tin container showed the higher final seed moisture contents irrespective of initial seed moisture content.

Keywords: Soybean, Seed moisture, Storage container, Viability, Vigour

Location: at Regional Agricultural Research Station Farm, Jamalpur

Start Date: 00-05-2011

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to determine appropriate moisture content for seed storage and storage container for reducing the loss of soybean seed viability.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station Farm, Jamalpur during the period from May to December 2011 and 2012 with a view to study the effect of storage container and initial seed moisture content on germination and vigour of soybean seed. Soybean variety Shohag (PB1) collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur. The crop was grown with proper agronomic management. The crop was harvested at full maturity and after proper processing, cleaning and drying the seed was stored in polythene bags until used for experimentation. The seed was dried in the sun on a triple set on the cemented floor to about 8% seed moisture content (SMC) in the 1st year and 6.5% SMC in the 2nd year. Just before final storage the seed was re-hydrated at 70% RH for required period of time to obtain target moisture content of 8, 10 and 12% for the 1st year and 6.50, 8, 10 and 12% for 2nd year. Four types of storage containers viz., polythene bag, plastic pot, tin can and glass jar were used in the experiment. The seed (500 g) was stored in the respective containers on 14 May 2011 and 18 May 2012 respectively. Each container was completely filled with seed as per experimental specification and then made air tight. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replicates. The seed was tested for different quality parameters at 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 days after storage (DAS). The containers were kept in the laboratory under ambient room condition. The quality parameters tested were seed moisture content, germination percentage, vigour index, and seedling dry matter.
Seed moisture content was measured using high constant temperature oven dry method following ISTA rules (1999). About 5-8g of seeds were taken in the aluminum dish and dried in the oven at 130 oC for 2 hours (until constant weight reached). Then the moisture content was calculated as follows:

Moisture content (%) = W1-W/ W1-W2 x100

Where,
W = Weight of blank aluminum dish with lid
W1 = Weight of seed plus aluminum dish with lid before drying W2 = Weight of seed plus aluminum dish with lid after drying

Germination percentage
Germination test was done in sand culture method. Two third of a plastic dish (20 cm diameter and 15 cm deep) was filled with sterilized sand having 60% water holding capacity. Randomly collected 100 seeds from each container were placed into the sand for the germination test. The germination dishes were placed in the germination cabinet and seedling evaluation was done at 8 days after placing the test. The number of normal seedlings per dish was regarded as the germination percentage.

Germination index (GI)
Germination index of seed was estimated from the seed set in the germination test by calculating the germination index following the formula below given by Association of Official Seed Analysts. The number of seedling was counted at each day at the same time from the day after seed set until the last count was made. The seedling emerged each day having plumule length of 2 cm or more was considered as germinated.

Seedling dry matter
The normal seedlings from each germination dish was collected and washed with running tap water and surface dried. Then the seedling was dried in the oven at 70 oC temperature for 48 hours (until constant weight reached).
Data analysis was done statistically following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 21(1): 131-141

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded that seeds stored in polythene bag or plastic container showed the germination performance similar to those in glass jar. Thus, the study revealed that soybean seed can be stored in polythene bag or plastic pot after drying to 6 to 8% SMC for retaining high viability.

Knowledge Management: Journal