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In Vivo Study of Follicular Statistics in Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh

Gautam Kumar Deb
Senior Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

MA Kabir
Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

MFH Miraz
Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

SMJ Hossain
Principal Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

MF Afroz
Senior Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

TN Nahar
Chief Scientific Officer
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

MK Mostofa
Upazilla Livestock Officer
Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The objective of this research was to generate baseline information on follicular statistics of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC).Ten heifers and ten regular breeder RCC cows were selected randomly from BLRI Research Herd. The ovary was grasped by inserting left hand through the rectum and the follicles were visualized by inserting a sectorial probe through the vagina. Ovarian follicles were visualized and recorded by counting on the screen of ultrasonography machine. All visible follicles (>2.0mm) were counted and graded as small (<3.0mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0mm) and large (>8.0mm). The follicles were measured 3 times at a 3-day interval period without considering the stage of the reproductive cycle of the experimental animals. During this experiment, a total of 137 follicles (66 in Heifers and 71 in cows) were observed from 10 heifers and 10 cows. The corpus luteum was observed either in the left or right ovary of 25.0% heifers and 35.0% cows. In heifer, 40.91, 45.45 and 13.64% of the observed follicles were belonged to small, medium and large groups, respectively. The percentage of small, medium and large follicles in the cow ovaries were 54.93, 39.44 and 5.63% accordingly. The number of follicles in an ovary did not vary (P>0.05) between right and left ovary of a heifer or cow. The diameter of the largest follicle on the ovary was smaller (P<0.05) in heifer (9.43±0.34mm) compared to cow (11.2 ± 0.73mm). This information will be helpful during aspiration of ovarian follicle from donor cows.

Keywords: Body weight, milk yield, reproductive performance, Red Chittagong Cattle

Location: BLRI Cattle Research Herd, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present research program was designed to generate baseline information on follicular statistics of RCC

Methodology:

Ten heifers and ten regular breeder RCC cows were selected randomly from BLRI Cattle Research Herd. The average body weight of the selected animals was 139.03±0.54 kg for heifers and 151.07±0.23 kg for cows. To develop expertise on manipulation of ovarian follicular statistics, initially four culled RCC cows were routinely evaluated by rectal palpation for couple of months. Later ovarian follicles were visualized by ultrasonography machine (Dus 60 Vet, Edan). Before visualization of ovarian follicles, the feces were removed from the rectum and the surrounding areas of vulva and rectum were swabbed with disinfectant to prevent infection in the reproductive tract. The ovary was grasped by inserting left hand through the rectum and the follicles were visualized by inserting a sectorial probe through the vagina. Before inserting the probe, it was disinfected by swabbing with 70% alcohol. Follicle numbers were recorded by counting on the screen of ultrasonography machine. The diameters of follicles were recorded by measuring length and breadth of each follicle on the screen. All visible follicles (>2.0 mm) were counted and graded as small (<3.0 mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0 mm) and large (>8.0 mm). The machine only can measure follicles of greater than 2.0 mm. The follicles were measured 3 times at a 3-day interval period without considering the stage of the reproductive cycle of the experimental animals. Data were analyzed following one way ANOVA procedure and mean differences were tested by Duncuns multiple range test using ‘SPSS-11.5’ statistical package.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science. 2018. 47 (1):47-50

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v47i1.39402

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results

During this experiment, a total of 137 follicles were observed from 10 heifers and 10 cows. The corpus luteum was observed either in the left or right ovary of 25.0% heifers and 35.0% cows
(Table 1). Among the total follicles, 66 follicles (36 in the right and 30 in the left ovary) were studied in heifers and 71 in cows (38 in the right and 33 in the left ovary). In heifer, 40.91, 45.45
and 13.64% of the studied follicles were belonged to small, medium and large groups, respectively. The percentages of small, medium and large follicles in the cow ovaries were 54.93, 39.44 and 5.63% accordingly. The average numbers of follicles according to their size and ovarian positions were given in Table 2. Numbers of small follicles per ovary were higher in cow than heifers (P< 0.05). The number of follicles in an ovary did not vary (P>0.05) between right and left ovary of a heifer or cow. However, in general cow ovary possesses higher number of small (P<0.05) and medium (P<0.05) follicles than ovary of a heifer (Table 3). No differences were observed for large follicle and total follicle numbers between a cow and heifer ovary (P>0.05).The diameter of the largest follicle on the ovary was smaller (P<0.05) in heifer (9.43±0.34mm) compared to cow (11.2±0.73mm).

Discussion
Ovum pick-up (OPU) based in vitro embryo production technology is widely adopted for multiplication of high yielding cows in many countries. Understanding of ovarian follicular
population is required for adoption of OPU technology in cattle breeding. During this study, the ovarian follicular population of RCC cattle was studied using ultasonography system. During
this study period, various sized follicles were observed in the ovary of heifers and cows. Total number of follicles per ovary did not vary between RCC heifer and cow. This result are
not in consistent with the findings of Sakhong et al. (2011). They reported that Native Thai cattle heifer possessed higher number of follicles (6.29-6.69) than cow (4.0-5.0 mm). They also reported that greater numbers of small follicles in heifers than in cows. Follicle numbers and sizes continuously and considerably oscillates during the cycle (Adams et al., 1992) due to wave-like development pattern in cattle (Knopf et al., 1989; Savio et al., 1988; Rhodes et al., 1995).

Therefore, presence of various sized follicles in the ovary is an indicator of ovarian functionality in bovine. Presence of various sized follicles in RCC heifer/cow ovaries are in agreement with previous report (Adams et al., 1992). Large number of small follicles in RCC cow ovary than heifer might be associated with time period of ovarian cycle. In general majority of the follicles were small to medium in both heifers and cows. Presence of large number of small to medium size follicle is good for ovum pick up. The bovine ovary possesses large numbers of small follicular reserve (McDonald, 1980). No differences (P> 0.05) were also observed between right and left ovary for total follicle numbers in both RCC heifer (3.60±0.30 vs. 3.00±0.46) and cow (3.80±0.42 vs.3.30±0.58). Morrow et al., (1968) observed that the right ovary was more active than the left one.The diameter of the largest follicle of each ovary was recorded and average diameters were found smaller (P<0.05) in the heifer compared to the cow. This results are in agreement with Sakhong et al. (2011). Carvalho et al. (2008) founded maximum diameter of the dominant follicle of Bos indicus heifers was 9.5 ±0.5 mm, which was similar to RCC heifer.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the present study developed base line information on ovarian follicular statistics of RCC heifers and cows. Different types of follicle are evenly distributed in both ovaries, although large no of follicle and follicular diameter are higher in right ovaries. This information will be helpful during aspiration of oocytes from donor cows.

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