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Effect of Leaf Trichomes and Meteorological Parameters on Population Dynamics of Aphid and Jassid in Cotton

M. R. Amin
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

R. Afrin
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Z. Alam
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
Department of Horticulture, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Y. J. Kwon
School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted with CB1, CB3, CB5, CB8 and C12 cotton varieties to determine the role of leaf trichomes and meteorological factors on the abundances of aphid and jassid. The mean population of the pests on the tested varieties differed significantly and showed negative correlation with trichomes. The pests were most abundant on CB12, and each variety revealed significantly higher population of jassid than that of aphid. Both the pests built up their population in the juvenile stage of the plants (73 days after sowing) and continued until harvesting. Aphid population was the highest on CB12 in the first week of November, whereas maximum abundance of jassid was on CB12 in the third week of December. Weather parameters were found insignificant on aphid abundance, but jassid population on the varieties was correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall. Multiple regression equation based on weather parameters exerted 8.8 - 43.2% and 54.4 - 77.7% role on population build up of aphid and jassid, respectively. Maximum temperature had the most important effect which contributed 61.2% population fluctuation of jassid on CB12.

Keywords: Abiotic factors, Gossypiun hirsutum, Sucking insects

Location: In the research field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2013

End Date: 00-01-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cotton, Insects

Objectives:

To know the impact of weather parameters and leaf trichomes on the population dynamics of these two sucking insects on five commercially cultivated varieties.

Methodology:

The study was conducted during July 2013 to January 2014 in the research field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experimental location (25°25′ North latitude and 89°5′ East longitude) is surrounded by Sal, Shorea robusta Gaertn forest and characterized by a well-defined dry season (February to May), wet season (June to September) and short winter (December and January). The commercial cotton varieties CB1, CB3, CB5, CB8 and CB12 released by the Cotton Development Board of Bangladesh were cultivated for this study. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. The plot size was 4.0m × 4.0m and the spacing between block to block and plot to plot was 1.0m and 1.0m, respectively. Seeds were sown on 2nd July 2013 in rows apart from 50 cm plant to plant and 1.0 m from row to row. All agronomic practices except pest control were adopted time to time to successfully raise the crops. To observe the population abundance of aphid and jassid on the tested varieties, field inspection was done weekly from emergence of seedlings to first harvest of the seed cotton. For the counts of aphid and jassid population, three plants were randomly selected from each plot and tagged. The leaves of the plants were observed in such a way that one leaf of the upper part of the first plant, one leaf of the middle part of the second plant and one leaf of the bottom part of the third plant of each variety were taken into account. Both aphid and jassid built up their population in the second week of September (73 day after sowing, DAS) i. e., at the blooming stage of the plants and data collection was started from 75 DAS. The population of aphid and jassid were counted with the help of a magnifying glass (FD75, Ballon Brand, China). Meteorological data related to temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were recorded from the adjoining meteorological observatory section of BSMRAU. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to compare the population abundance of aphid and jassid on the cotton varieties. Comparison between aphid and jassid population on each variety was made with Student's T test. The Pearson's correlation was used to examine the relationship between trichome number and the pest population. The effects of weather parameters on the population abundance of aphid and jassid on the cotton varieties were determined by working out simple correlation. The combined effect of the maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the population abundance of the insects were measured by using a Multiple Linear Regression Equation. All the analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 21.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 13-25, March 2017 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study showed that the leaf trichomes of the varieties had significant negative correlation with aphid and non-significant negative correlation with jassid and the varieties exerted significantly higher abundance of jassid compared to aphid. The trichomes created obstacles in foraging, feeding, ingestion, digestion, mating and oviposition, thus prevented their abundance.
The emergence of aphid and jassid population was associated with juvenile stage of the plants. Variations in weather conditions and time of the season also have affected population dynamics of the pests.
The individual and combine effect of the weather parameters showed non- significant effect on the population dynamics of aphid, however the combined effect of the parameters resulted 8.8 to 43.2% fluctuation.
The maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall showed significant negative correlation on the population of jassid on the varieties. The weather parameters together also contributed significant effect on the population which varied from 54.4 to 77.7%.
The present experiment demonstrated significant differences in the abundance of two sucking insects among the five cotton varieties tested. The lower population abundance of aphid and jassid on CB1 and CB3 was due to higher number of trichomes.

Knowledge Management: Journal