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Effect of Varied Planting Time and Dehaulming on the Yield Potential, Processing Quality and Economic Benefit in Potato

M. S. Alam
Senior Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Center (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

N. Islam
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

M. J. Hossain
Director
TCRC, BARI, Gazipur

M. S. R. Bhuiyan
Professor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Pro-Vice Chancellor, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. I. Hossain
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted for producing higher processing grade tuber yield and quality by evaluating in relation to different planting times (31 October, 15 and 30 November) and dehaulming dates (80, 90 and 100 days after planting) during 2012-13 potato growing season at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Results revealed that different growth parameters like plant height, leaves number per hill and foliage coverage were significantly influenced by planting times. Processing and non processing grade tuber number and yield were significantly affected by all the treatments and their interaction. Significantly higher yield of processing grade tuber were recorded in November 15 planting in combination with all the dehaulming dates, ranged from 20.67 to 21.50 t/ha. Processing quality parameters like specific gravity, dry matter, reducing sugar content were significantly varied by planting times, dehaulming dates and their interaction. Whereas the potato chips colour score were not affected by the planting time and dehaulming but all the processing quality parameters were remained in acceptable range. The highest net return (Tk 1,68,404/ha) with a BCR of 1.93 was obtained in November 15 planting with dehaulming at 90 days after planting.

Keywords: Planting time, Dehaulming, Yield potential, Economic benefit, Potato

Location: At the research field of Tuber Crops Research Center of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-10-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To develop optimum planting time and crop growth duration for the maximization of processing grade tuber yield with quality and economical returns to potato growers and processors.

Methodology:

This field experiment was conducted at the research field of Tuber Crops Research Center of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during October 2012 to March 2013. The maximum and minimum mean air temperature of 23.1⁰C and 18.2⁰C was in November 2012 and January 2013, respectively. The soil of the experimental field was well drained sandy loam having a pH of 6.3. The variety was BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta). The treatment consisted of 3 planting times of October 31 (D1), November 15 (D2) and November 30 (D3) along with 3 dehaulming dates of 80 (M1), 90 (M2), 100 (M3) days after planting (DAP). The treatments were arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The unit plot size was 3.0 m × 3.0 m and tubers were planted at a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm. Two outer rows of plants were treated as border rows, while the three middle rows in each plot were regarded as experimental row plants. The land was fertilized with 161-32-150-19-4-1.7 kg/ha, respectively of NPKSZnB fertilizers in addition to 6 t/ha of cowdung (Hossain et al., 2007). The NPKSZnB fertilizers were applied in the forms of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum, Zinc sulphate and boric acid. The full amount of cowdung, TSP, MoP, gypsum, Zinc sulphate, boric acid, respectively and half of urea was applied at furrow and mixed up with soil by a tine before planting seed tubers. The rest half of urea was applied as top dress at 33 days after planting followed by irrigation. The well pre-sprouted, healthy, whole seed tubers of around 40±5 g sized were planted as per treatment in 2012. All other intercultural operations, like irrigation, weeding, earthing up and crop protection measures were adopted as per recommendation of TCRC, BARI. Plant stand was monitored and the final emergence count was taken at 30 days after planting. Dehaulming was done manually as per treatment and potato tubers were harvested after 10 days of dehaulming. Data on growth like plant height, number of compound leaves per hill, stem per hill were taken at 60 DAP from randomly selected 10 plants per plot, and yield per hectare was calculated during harvest from the middle rows yield. Foliage coverage was recorded at 60 DAP by using green method (Groves et al., 2005). Harvested potato tubers were sorted to different size grades of <40 mm as non-process grade and ≥40 mm as processing grade. The weight and number of tubers in each size fraction was recorded. Tuber dry matter was estimated just after harvest with dried in oven at 800 C to a constant weight. Reducing sugars were estimated following the method of Nelson (1944). For chipping, potatoes were hand peeled and cut into slices of 1.5-1.8 mm thickness with a manual slicing machine. The slices were washed thoroughly in cold water, air dried and immediately fried in soybean oil at 180⁰C till the bubbling on the chip surface stopped. The chips were scored visually for colour and assigned a value on a scale of 1–10, where 1 being the lightest and 10 dark brown (Ezekiel et al., 2003). The cost of cultivation and gross returns from the crop were calculated on the basis of local market prices of inputs and farm gate price of potato. Net returns (Tk/ha) were worked out by subtracting the total cost of cultivation under each treatment from the gross return of respective treatment. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was worked out by dividing the gross return with total cost of production (Kumar et al., 2014; Kushwah and Singh, 2011). The data on growth, yield components and yield were statistically analysed by using computer package programme of MSTAT-C and means were compared by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 273-288, June 2017 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The above results revealed that processing quality especially dry matter and reducing sugar differed significantly by dates of planting and dehaulming. Processing grade tuber yield were the higher in November 15 planting with all the dehaulming dates with high dry matter content and low reducing sugar. But we can prefer dehaulming at 90 DAP considering higher processing grade tuber yield with higher dry matter including higher net return and BCR. Besides it, the land can be available 10 days earlier for next crops without affecting processing quality and processing grade tuber yield as well as total yield. Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that farmers at the areas of agro- ecological zone 28 can grow potato following November 15 planting time plus dehaulming at 90 days after planting for achieving higher processing grade tuber yield and net returns.

Knowledge Management: Journal