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Effect of Hot Water Treatment in Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Gladiolus

L. Yasmin
Senior Scientific Officer
Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701

M. A. Ali
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

T. K. Dey
Director
Pulse Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2010-12 following two factors RCB design with four replications. The levels of Factor A (Duration): were i) T1 = 5 minutes, ii) T2 = 10 minutes and iii) T3 = 15 minutes. Factor B (Water temperature): i) A1 = 50⁰C, ii) A2 = 52⁰C, iii) A3 = 54⁰C, iv) A4 = 56⁰C and v) A5 = Control (normal water). The treatment combinations were evaluated against the wilt disease of gladiolus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli) under naturally infested field condition. Corm treated with hot water at 54⁰C for 5 minutes was very effective in inhibiting the wilt disease incidence and thereby resulting better corm emergence, flower sticks plot^-1, corm plot^-1 and comel yield of gladiolus. Corm treated with hot water at 52⁰C for 10 minutes appeared moderately effective against Fusarium wilt as well as better flower, corm and cormel yield of gladiolus under field condition.

Keywords: Gladiolus, Hot water, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium wilt

Location: Floriculture Field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Gladiolus

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of hot water treatment to control Fusarium wilt of gladiolus.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Floriculture Field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the period from 2010 to 2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications using two factors as Factor A (Duration): i) T1 = 5 minutes, ii) T2 = 10 minutes and iii) T3 = 15 minutes and Factor B (Water temperature): i) A1 = 50⁰C, ii) A2 = 52⁰C, iii) A3 = 54⁰C, iv) A4 = 56⁰C and v) A5 = Control (normal water). Corms were treated with hot water at 50⁰C, 52⁰C, 54⁰C and 56⁰C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes of each treatment. For control treatment, the corms were soaked in normal water at room temperature for the same time. The corms were dried in shade before planting in the field.

The experiment was conducted in previously Fusarium oxysporum infested soil. The recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. cowdung @ 10t/ha, TSP @ 225kg/ha, MoP 190kg/ha were applied to the soil during land preparation and thoroughly mixed with the soil before leveling. Urea @ 200kg/ha was top dressed in two equal splits, one at the four leaf stage and another at spike initiation stage (Woltz, 1976).
The treatments were randomly assigned in each block where unit plot size was 1.25m × 1.6m. Spacing was maintained at 25 cm between the rows and 20 cm between the plants. Depth of planting of the corms was 6 cm. Two adjacent unit plots were separated by 50 cm space, and there was 75 cm space between the blocks. Data were recorded on Emergence, Days to 50% emergence, Plant height , Pre emergence corm rot, Disease incidence, Percent disease index (PDI), Wilted plant, Days to 50% spike initiation, Spike length, Rachis length, Florets spike^-1, Flower sticks plot^-1, Flower sticks ha^-1, Corms hill^-1, Corm yield, Cormels hill^-1 and Cormels yield. Assesment of disease incidence, disease index and wilted plant were calculated using following formula (Singh and Arora, 1994):
The effect of different duration and temperature of gladiolus corms played remarkable role on emergence percentage and days to 50% emergence. The maximum emergence (99%) was recorded in corm treated at 54⁰C for 5 minutes and minimum emergence (92%) was observed in normal water. Corm emergence was almost similar in other treatments. The minimum days (13) required to reach 50% corm emergence was in case of 5 minutes treatment at 54⁰C and maximum days (35) required for 50% emergence was in 15 minutes treatment at 56⁰C. No significant effect was observed in plant height due to hot water treatment.
The interaction effect with various duration and temperature of hot water treatment showed significant influence on Fusarium wilt disease of gladiolus. The pre - emergence corm rot, wilted plant and severity of Fusarium wilt of gladiolus was low in 54⁰C for 5 minutes while other treatments were almost statistically similar. The highest wilted plant (19.99%) was recorded in 56⁰C for 15 minutes. The range of wilted plant was 3.94% to 10.15% in other combinations. Disease severity varied from 22.50 to 29.17% among the treatments.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 393-401, September 2017 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Corm treated with hot water at 54⁰C for 5 minutes was very effective in inhibiting the disease infestation as well as gave the increased corm emergence (%), flower sticks plot^-1, corm plot^-1 and comel yield of gladiolus. Besides, corm treated with hot water at 52⁰C for 10 minutes appeared moderately effective against Fusarium wilt as well as better flower, corm and cormel yield of gladiolus.

Knowledge Management: Journal