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Effect of Drought Stress on Bio-chemical Change and Cell Membrane Stability of Soybean Genotypes

J. A. Chowdhury
Senior Scientific Officer
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701

M. A. Karim
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706

Q. A. Khaliq
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706

A. U. Ahmed
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in a venylhouse at the environmental stress site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during September to December 2012 to study the effect of drought stress on proline content, soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability of soybean genotypes. Four studied genotypes viz., Shohag, BARI Soybean-6 and BD2331 (relatively stress tolerant) and BGM2026 (susceptible) were tested against two water regimes such as water stress and non-stress. Results indicated that due to drought stress there was an increase in proline content and soluble sugar content and decrease in chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio and cell membrane stability. Proline and soluble sugar showed more content in tolerant genotype than in susceptible ones. Chlorophyll reduction was most significant and cell membrane stability was found minimal in susceptible genotypes. From the result, genotype BGM2026 which recorded the lowest proline, soluble sugar content and highest chlorophyll reduction and cell membrane injury was considered as drought susceptible. The variety/genotype of soybean such as BARI Soybean-6, Shohag and BD2331 were more drought stress tolerant and better mechanisms of drought tolerance.

Keywords: Drought stress, Bio-Chemical change, Cell membrane stability, Soybean genotypes

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-09-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

The present experiment was undertaken to analyze the drought induced change in bio-chemicales like proline, soluble sugar, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability of some selected soybean genotypes.

Methodology:

A pot experiment in a vinyl house was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during September to December 2012. Three relatively water stress tolerant variety/line (Shohag, BARI Soybean-6 and BD2331) and one susceptible (BGM-2026) genotypes (selected from the previous experiment) were tested against two water regimes (water stress and non-stress) at vegetative and pod development stages. There were eight treatment combinations. The pot were arranged in a completely randomized design under factorial arrangement with four replications. Seeds of tolerant genotypes and susceptible genotypes were sown in plastic pots (24 cm internal diameter and 30 cm height). The soil of the pot was filled with mixture of soil and cow dung at a ratio of 4:1. Pot contained 12.0 kg of soil which was equivalent to 9 kg oven dry soil and holds about 28% moisture at field capacity (FC). Soil used in the pot was sandy loam. Fertilizer rates of 70 mg N, 35 mg P, 180 mg K and 20 mg S pot^-1 in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum was added and well mixed with the soil before pouring into the pots. Six seeds pot^-1 were sown on 3 September, 2012. After seedling establishment two uniform and healthy plants pot^-1 were allowed to grow. Two watering treatments of the plants viz. drought stress i.e. water stress (50% water of the FC) and non-stress i.e. control (80% water of FC) were applied at 21 days after emergence (DAE) and maintained throughout the growing season. Weeding and spraying were done as normal management practices for all the treatments.
To estimate proline accumulation, samples were collected from top third fully expanded young trifoliate leaves at pod development stage of soybean genotypes. The collected leaf samples were immediately kept in an ice-bag and brought to the laboratory. Proline was determined by Ninhydrin method (Troll and Lindsley, 1955). The soluble sugar content of soybean leaves was also estimated at pod development stage. Leaf samples were collected from different soybean plants of the respective treatments. Dried and grounded samples were used to estimate soluble sugar by following the method of Yoshida et al. (1976).
Chlorophylls were estimated at vegetative, flowering and pod development stages on fresh weight basis extracting the leaf samples with 80% acetone by using Double Beam Spectrophotometer (Model 200-20, Hitachi, Japan). Different chlorophylls were estimated using the following equations (Witham et al., 1986).
Chlorophyll a (mg/g tissue) = [12.7(D663) – 2.69(D645)] x V/(1000 x W) Chlorophyll b (mg/g tissue) = [22.9(D645) – 4.68(D663)] x V/(1000 x W) Total Chlorophyll (mg/g tissue) = [20.2(D645) + 8.02(D663] x V/(1000 x W)
Where, D = optical density reading of the chlorophyll extract at the specific wavelength
V = final volume of the 80% acetone-chlorophyll extract W = fresh weight in gram of the tissue extracted
For cell membrane stability measurement leaf samples were collected from plants at pod development stage. Cell membrane stability of leaf tissues was calculated as the percentage injury using the following equation (Blum and Ebercon, 1981):

The data were analyzed with MSTATC statistical package program. The difference between the treatments means were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Functional relationships between proline content and injury index of soybean genotypes as affected by water stress were established through correlation and regression analyses by using Excel program.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 475-485, September 2017 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All biochemical parameters and cell membrane stability of drought tolerant and drought sensitive genotypes showed similar pattern to drought stress. The tolerant genotypes accumulate more proline and soluble sugar than sensitive one. Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a, b and a/b concentration. Cell membrane stability was also higher in tolerant genotype. The variety/genotype Shohag, BARI Soybean-6 and BD2331 is considered as drought tolerant because of their higher proline, soluble sugar accumulation, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability.

Knowledge Management: Journal