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Effect of Salt and Water Stress on Gas Exchange, Dry Matter Production and K+/na+ Ions Selectivity in Soybean

M.S. A. Khan
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. A. Karim
Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Haque
Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

J. M. S. Karim
Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. K. Mian
Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in a vinylhouse at the Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh during January to May, 2012 to evaluate the effect of salt and water stress on gas exchange characters, dry matter production and K+/Na+ ions selectivity in three selected soybean genotypes, namely Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6. The genotypes were exposed to six treatments viz. (i) control (tap water), (ii) water shortage (irrigation with 70% depletion of available soil water when leaf began to wilt at 10:00 am), (iii) 50 mM NaCl irrigation, (iv) 50 mM NaCl irrigation + water shortage, (v) 75 mM NaCl irrigation, and (vi) 75 mM NaCl irrigation + water shortage conditions. The results revealed that 75 mM NaCl salt + water stress treatment drastically reduced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rate irrespective of soybean genotypes. However, the genotype Galarsum showed minimum transpiritional water loss (1.45 mmol H₂O m-2 s-1) and maximum photosynthesis (20.45 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) as compared to BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 under 75 mM NaCl salt + water stress condition. Combined salt and water stress caused greater inhibition of shoot growth than either of the two in soybean. The shoot dry weights were decreased to 24.58, 23.00 and 21.57% of the control in Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6, respectively at 75 mM NaCl salt + water stress. The genotype Galarsum accumulated higher amount of K+ (1.19%) and lower amount of Na+ ( 0.11%) in leaf tissue under 75 mM NaCl salt + water stress. Results indicated that the genotype Galarsum was more capable to cope with the high levels of salt under water stress condition than the other two genotypes.

Keywords: Soybean; Salt and water stress; Photosynthesis; Respiration; Shoot dry matter; Ion uptake

Location: Vinylhouse of the Department of Agronomy at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

This experiment was undertaken to analyze the physiological response in relation to gas exchange, dry matter distribution and mineral ions accumulation pattern in three high yielding soybean genotypes exposed to salt and water stress conditions.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out in a vinylhouse of the Department of Agronomy at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during January to May, 2012. The location of the experimental site is situated at about 240 23´ north latitude, 900 08´ east longitude and an altitude of 8.4 m. Three genotypes of soybean (Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6) were grown in six environmental conditions of salinity and water stress. The environmental conditions were (i) control, (ii) water shortage (irrigation with 70% depletion of available soil water when leaf began to wilt at 10:00 am), (iii) 50 mM NaCl irrigation, (iv) 50 mM NaCl irrigation + Water shortage, (v) 75 mM NaCl irrigation, and (vi) 75 mM NaCl irrigation+ Water shortage. The experiment was arranged in a two factor completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The genotypes were selected based on their better performance in previous study (Khan et al., 2014). Treatments were imposed after three weeks of seedling emergence. In salt water irrigation and water shortage treatments, initially all pots were irrigated with salt water for a week then water shortage, and thereafter salt water irrigations were applied. The control plants were irrigated with tap water only at field capacity of the soil. Treatments were applied up to harvest. The soils of each pot contained 12 kg air dried sandy loam soil fertilized uniformly with 0.30 g of urea, 0.90 g of triple super phosphate, 0.60 g of muriate of potash and 0.60 g of gypsum before sowing. Five seeds were sown in the soil medium on 20 January, 2012. After the emergence and establishment, two uniform healthy seedlings per pot were allowed to grow for three weeks in the same environment. Admire 200SL @ 1 ml/liter of water was sprayed at 10 and 25 days after emergence to control Jassids and white flies. Ripcord 10 EC @ 1 ml/liter of water was sprayed at 45 and 55 days after emergence to control leaf roller and pod borer. Gas exchange measurements like photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance, total conductance to CO₂ and transpiration (E) were measured at 49 days after emergence (after 4 weeks of treatments imposition) by Li-COR 6400 portable photosynthetic system (Li-COR, Lincoln, NE, United States). All the measurements were taken in a bright day between 11:00 and 13:00 h when photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was between 1100 and 1200 µ mol m- 2s^-1. Photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE) was calculated as the ratio between Pn and E. Plants were harvested at 63 days after emergence and different parts of the plant were separated and then oven dried at 70 ºC for 4 days to measure the dry weight of the shoot. Dried leaf samples were used to measure the Na+ and K+ ions concentrations of the respective treatments. Collected data were analyzed using STAR (Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research) program and the treatments means were compared by using Tukeys’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test at P ≤ 0.05.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 487-501, September 2017 SSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Salinity and water stress had severe adverse effect on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rate of soybean genotypes. The genotype Galarsum minimized transpiritional water loss and maximized photosynthesis as compared to BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6 under salt and water stress environments. Combined salt + water stress caused greater inhibition of shoot growth than either only salt or water stress in soybean. Galarsum accumulated higher amount of K+ and lower amount of Na+ in leaves under salt and water stress. The results indicated that the genotype Galarsum is more capable in tolerating high levels of salt under water stress condition than BD 2331 and BARI Soybean-6.

Knowledge Management: Journal