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Selection of Core Collections from Kartiksail and Dhaliboro Rice Landraces of Bangladesh

MS Ahmed
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice is one of the most important cereals in the world for being as the staple food. Rice has widespread popularity across Bangladesh, where it uniquely suited to wet environments. Presently, a large number of germplasm have been collected in gene banks all over the world, but methods for the effective management and utilization of such huge collections remain a challenging task. On the other hand, the concept of core collection provides a new way of management and utilization of plant germplasm resources. Frankel first termed a collection to a core collection which would represent the genetic diversity of a crop species with a minimum of repetitiveness. But systematic study has yet been done on core collection of rice in Bangladesh. The objective of the present review study was, therefore, to select the core collections from previously agro-morphologically, physico-chemically and molecularly characterized Kartiksail and Dhaliboro rice. In the present study, the core collections were selected using the hierarchical cluster analysis, where a representative sample with high phenotypic values was drawn from each group. Moreover, the selection processes were improved by combining several evaluation methods. However, special emphasis was given on the genotypic values of the germplasm. In the conclusion, the core collections for Kartiksail landraces were KS₁, KS₅, KS₆, KS₇, KS₉, KS₁₁, KS₁₃, KS₁₆, KS₁₉, KS₂₀ and KS₂₁, whereas that of Dhaliboro were DB₃, DB₄, DB7, DB₈ and DB₁₀. The selected landraces may be utilized in different hybridization programme for developing new variety.

Keywords: Rice, Kartiksail, Dhaliboro, Landraces, Core collection, Germplasm, Rice

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To select the core collections from previously agro-morphologically, physico- chemically and molecularly characterized Kartiksail and Dhaliboro rice landraces of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Core collection of germplasm- The core means the central part. Frankel (1984) first termed a collection to a core collection which represents the genetic diversity of a crop species and its relatives with a minimum of repetitiveness. Core collection can also be defined as the collections seek to increase the balance between the different types of material in a relatively small selection of accessions from the total collection. The main purpose of the core collection is to provide an efficient access to the whole collection by setting up a hierarchical structure. It also facilitates the selection of parents for hybridization programs. Therefore, the core collection forms the active collection for germplasm conservation, evaluation and exchange, while the remaining parts of the whole collection are kept as a reserve collection in the genebank. However, a core collection of germplasm accessions serve several purposes: (1) for duplicate conservation, (2) to promote use of the IRGC, (3) to study diversity per se, and (4) to exploit synteny among grass genomes (Jackson, 1999). Marita et al. (2000) suggested the two general purposes for creating the core collections as: (1) maximising the total genetic diversity in a core and (2) maximising the representativeness of the genetic diversity of the whole collection. Importance of core collection of germplasm- Presently, a large number of germplasm have been collected in gene banks all over the world, but methods for the effective management and utilization of such huge collections remain a challenging task. On the other hand, the concept of core collection provides a new way of management and utilization of plant germplasm resources (Guo et al., 2014).Thus, the establishment of core collections is a helpful means to make better use of plant germplasm and to assist in the management of the entire collection. Characterized and grouped Kartiksail and Dhaliboro rice landraces- Ahmed (2015a) grouped the similar or duplicate named Kartiksail and Dhaliboro rice germplasm through agro-morphological, physicochemical and molecular characters. The genetic diversity analysis based on Mahalanobis’ D² statistics grouped the Kartiksail and Dhaliboro genotypes into seven clusters. The UPGMA clustering based on Dice coefficient grouped the Kartiksail genotypes into four clusters and the Dhaliboro genotypes into three clusters. Again, the UPGMA clustering based on Nei’s genetic distance across the 45 microsatellite markers grouped the genotypes into ten clusters. Existing procedure of selecting core collection- The first major issue for developing core collection is size. For this, two approaches were reported. The first one is to decide upon an almost arbitrary proportion, as five to 10 per cent would be appropriate. The second approach is to nominate an upper limit for a category of accessions (e.g. 3,000 per species). Brown (1989a) estimated that with the 10% level of sampling, the core will generally contain over 70% of the alleles present in the whole collection. Once the size is decided, to identify the degrees of genetic similarity among the accessions is essentially a hierarchical cluster analysis, where every accession is sorted into a related subgroup from which a representative sample can be drawn. To identify these groups, passport, characterization and evaluation data can also be used (Brown, 1989b). However, there is no fixed method for selecting core collection of germplasm. It depends on the specific objections for which the core collection is selected or developed.

Source of Information: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, Vol. 8, No. 6, p. 10-20, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The selected landraces with diverse genes need to be utilized in different hybridization programmes for broadening the genetic base of modern rice, because they indicate unique and potential yield contributing characters for improvement of Balam rice in Bangladesh. Secondly, the selected core collections may be utilized as working samples in Genebank for their effective conservation and their QTL mapping for potential characters need to be done.

Knowledge Management: Journal