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Cross Infection Between Rice and Wheat Blast Pathogen Pyricularia Oryzae

M A Monsur
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M Ahmed
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A Haque
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Q S A Jahan
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

T H Ansari
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M A Latif
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

N C D Borma
Wheat Research Center, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M A Ali
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M S Kabir
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

B R Banik
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Cross infection between rice and wheat blast fungi was investigated in a series of experiments conducted under controlled glasshouse condition following a completely randomized design. Two rice (BRRI dhan29 and LTH) and two wheat (BARI Gom25 and BARI Gom26) varieties were grown in plastic trays as sole and rice-wheat mixed crop culture. Plants were artificially inoculated using virulent isolates of rice and wheat blast fungi. It was observed that irrespective of variety and crop culture technique, all the isolates of wheat blast fungus caused significant 100% plant infection on leaf typical leaf blast symptoms appeared on wheat seedlings but no blast symptom on rice. Conversely, the test-isolates of rice blast fungus did not produce any disease reaction on wheat seedlings, though leaf blast was observed on 100% rice plants. Therefore, we conclude that rice blast pathogen population is different from those of wheat blast pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae).

Keywords: Cross infection, Rice, Wheat blast, Pathogen

Location: BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2016

End Date: 00-12-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the Cross Infection between Rice and Wheat Blast Pathogen Pyricularia oryzae

Methodology:

A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory and control facilities of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during March-December 2016. Plants were exposed to relative humidity above 80% with constant temperature at 26°C ± 1. Two rice blast isolates RBL332 (from BRRI dhan28) and RBL333 (from BRRI dhan64) were used in this experiment. Both the isolates were isolated from blast infected rice panicles collected from Gazipur, Bangladesh. Again, two wheat blast isolates WBL002 (from BARI Gom25) and WBL0011 (from BARI Gom26) were isolated from blast affected wheat head, which were collected from seed production farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) at Dottonagar in Jhinaedah district, Bangladesh. Blast infected spikelets were sterilized by soaking with Clorox (5%) for 3-5 seconds and then in ethanol (70%) for 1 minute. Sterilized spikelets were gently rinsed with sterile water and dried samples with sterile tissue paper. Dried sterile spikelets were put on water soaked filter paper (Whatman International Ltd. Maidstone, England.) and incubated at 26°C for sporulation. Single spore were collected and cultured on prune agar medium. Two wheat varieties BARI Gom25 and BARI Gom26 and two blast susceptible rice varieties BRRI dhan29 and LTH (Lijiangxintuanheigu) were used in this study. LTH is recognized as universal blast susceptible rice variety. Apparently healthy and disease free seeds of rice and wheat were soaked on blotting paper in plastic Petridish and incubated at room temperature for 48 hours for germination. Germinated seeds were sown in a plastic tray (22 cm × 16 cm × 4 cm) containing sterile loamy soil. However, for first two trials, wheat and rice varieties (BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, BRRI dhan29 and LTH) were planted as sole crops. For another two trials, wheat and rice were planted as mixed cropping (BARI Gom25 + BRRI dhan29 and BARI Gom26 + LTH). The plastic trays were then placed in a temperature controlled glass house operating at 26 ± 1°C. To ensure growth, the seedlings were watered daily and closely monitored for any insect infestation. A week after inoculation, data were collected on plant infection (%), leaf infection (%), number of lesion per leaf, lesion size (mm²) and disease severity scale. Size of elliptical leaf blast lesion was calculated from lesion length and width using the following formula: Lesion size = 3.14 × (Lesion length/2) × (Lesion width/2). Disease severity scale was measured by using Standard Evaluation System (SES, IRRI, 2014). Data were average of 20 plants. Data were analyzed using a statistical software package Minitab version 16 (Tukeys test).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 20 (2) : 21-29, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wheat blast disease was observed in the South- western Part of Bangladesh in 2016. This is also the first report of the disease in Asia. In this study, it was investigated whether the rice blast fungus could cause wheat blast symptoms and vice-versa. The study found that the isolates of rice blast fungus produced blast symptoms only on rice plant but not on wheat under both single and rice-wheat mixed crop culture. Similarly, the wheat blast fungus developed typical blast symptoms only on wheat varieties but not on rice. These preliminary findings discard the hypothesis of cross infection between rice and wheat blast fungi and also indicate the potential introduction or evolution of wheat blast fungus in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal