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Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants on Sheath Blight of Rice

M. M. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. Monjil
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aqueous extract of some indigenous plant parts were evaluated for its efficacy to control sheath blight of rice. Six treatments were applied, viz. T1- control (water spray), T2- Tulsi (Ocientific tenuiflorum) extract (1:10), T3- Nishinda (Vitex negundu) extract (1:10), T4- Thankuni (Centella asiatica) extracts (1:10), T5- Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) extract (1:10) and T6- Proud (Propiconazole @ 0.2%) as a positive control. Effect of these plant extracts on percent tiller infection and percent relative lesion height of sheath blight of rice cultivar BRRI dhan 49 was determined at 55, 75 and 95 day after transplanting (DAT). Number of infected tillers per hill differed significantly among the different treatments. The highest number of infected tillers was observed in control treatment. The lowest and statistically similar number of infected tillers was found in fungicide, Proud (Propiconazole)- and Biskatali- treated plots. Reduced number of infected tillers was observed in Tulsi, Thankuni and Nishinda. Highest percent tiller infection was recorded in control and lowest percent tiller infection was recorded in Proud and Biskatali, which were statistically similar. Nishinda, Tulsi and Thankuni had reduced tiller infection in compare to control. Percent reduction of tiller infection over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. The highest lesion height was observed in control and lowest lesion height was found in Proud followed by Biskatali. The highest percent relative lesion height was recorded in control followed by Thankuni. The lowest percent relative lesion height was recorded in Proud preceded by Biskatali. Highest percent reduction of relative lesion height over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. Thus, plant extracts of Biskatali, Tulsi, Nishinda and Thankuni are effective to control sheath blight of rice. Among the plant extracts, Biskatali showed highest control of sheath blight disease of rice.

Keywords: Rice, Medicinal plant extracts, Sheath blight, Biskatali, Tulsi, Nishinda, Thankuni

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricu1ltural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the aqueous extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants on the reduction of sheath blight of rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory and in the experimental field of Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiments were carried out during from January, 2013 to April, 2014. Transplanted Aman rice BRRI dhan 49 was used as the test crop for the experimental plot. Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted, which were carefully collected from the seedbed previously raised in Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, BAU, Mymensingh. Plant spacing of 20cm×15cm was maintained. Three to four seedlings used transplanted in each hill. Six treatments were applied, viz. T1- control (water spray), T2- Tulsi (Ocientific tenuiflorum) extract (1:10), T3- Nishinda (Vitex negundu) extract (1:10), T4- Thankuni (Centella asiatica) extracts (1:10), T5- Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) extract (1:10), T6- Proud (Propiconazole @.2%). Plant extracts were prepared at 1:10 ratio of plant material and water (Islam et al., 2013). Briefly, sample of 100 g of each test plant was chopped into small pieces. Water (500 ml) was added to chopped sample and was finally blended. The material was filtered through the cheese cloth. The filtered debris was soaked in water again. Total one litter extracts was volume by water. The 0.2 % spray solution of the Proud was prepared by mixing the fungicide (proud) with water at a rate of 2 ml of the chemical in 1000 ml of water and was well. Hand sprayer was used to spray the plant extracts. Control plots were sprayed with water. Special attention was given to complete coverage of the plants with spray materials. Fungicide was sprayed twice, at 35 days and 60 days after transplanting. Data were collected from 55, 75, 95 days after transplanting. Data on the different parameters viz., Number of tillers per hill, Number of infected tillers per hill, Plant height (cm) and Lesion height (cm) of disease symptoms, were recorded from rice plant infected naturally. Relative lesion height (%) and Reduction of relative lesion height over control (%) were calculated.
Two times spray were done at 35 days and 60 days after transplanting. Sheath blight symptoms in rice were appeared about 30 days after transplanting of rice seedlings. Data were taken at 55, 75 and 95 DAT. Incidence of sheath blight of rice was calculated in each plot by using the formula followed by Rajput and Bartaria, (1995). The percent relative lesion height was calculated by using the formula applied by Ansari (1995). Pathogen causing sheath blight of rice was isolated by incubating sheath blighted rice stems in sterilized moist chamber. Whitish sclerotia were grown in moist rice stem along with infected sheath. Sclerotia were transferred to PDA and then, pure culture of Rhizoctonia spp. were established.
The data on different parameters were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique to find out the level of significance. The effect of the treatments was compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The collected data were analyzed using a statistically computer package (MSTATC).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 7–12, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the experiment, aqueous extracts of indigenous medicinal plants were evaluated. Sometime plant extracts from organic solvents have been found to give more consistent antimicrobial activity compared to water extract. But some cases water extracts also contain some compounds can be used against pathogens. Tannin, water soluble compound, which is found in almost every plant part viz. roots, stems, leaves and fruits, and can be toxic to filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria. Aqueous extract of medicinal plants may include polysaccharides (e.g., starch), polypeptides, various lectins, tannins and terpenoids are effective as inhibitors of pathogen. Thus, water extract of the plant extracts used in the experiment might contain some compounds inhibitory to pathogens, which can be revealed in further research.

Knowledge Management: Journal