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Genotype and Environment Interaction of Drought Tolerant Rice Genotypes Evaluated in Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh

R. R. Majumder
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

T. K. Hore
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. A. Kader
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

T. L. Aditya
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field trials were conducted using ten rice genotypes including four national and international check varieties under drought prone rainfed environments of Rangpur, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh in Transplant Aman 2012 season to evaluate the growth duration and grain yield stability as well as adaptability. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth duration and Grain yield data were subjected to Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. The mean growth duration of 10 genotypes over four environments showed that the longest growth duration was found for IR83383-B-B-129-4 (115.6 days) and the lowest growth duration was found for BRRI dhan56 (Ck) (113.4 days). IR82635-B-B-145-1 produced maximum 4.28 t/ha grain yield followed by 4.28 t/ha in IR82589-B-B-84-3 and the lowest grain yield was recorded for IR83376-B-B-130-2 with 3.24 t/ha. It was evident from the AMMI 1 biplot analysis that IR83377-B-B-933, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and BRRI dhan56 (Ck) generally exhibited high yield with high main (additive) effects showing positive first principal component of the interaction (IPCA1), but IR82635-B-B-145-1 being the overall best. Hence, IR82635-B-B-145-1 was identified as specially adapted to Lalmonirhat and this environment was considered as the wide range suitable environment for the genotype. Lalmonirhat could be regarded as a good selection site for rice improvement due to stable yields. IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IRRI 123 (Ck), BRRI dhan57 (Ck) and BINA dhan7 (Ck) were hardly affected by the G × E interaction and would perform well across a wide range of environments. In AMMI 2 biplot, IR82635-B-B-145-1 and IRRI 123 (Ck) was more responsive since they were away from the origin whereas other genotypes were nearer to the origin and hence they were more stable to different environments. IR83383-B-B-129-4 was very close to the origin, so it was more stable to different environments. Similarly Rangpur Sadar and Lalmonirhat showed similar potentiality over IR83383-B-B-129-4. The study it revealed that IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and IR82589-B-B-84-3 has the potentiality to show drought tolerance for the regions and might be suitable for releasing as a variety after conducting proper yield evaluation trials and Distinction, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) tests.

Keywords: Rice, Drought tolerant, Genotypes, Environment, Yield, AMMI analysis

Location: Rangpur Sadar, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat and Kurigram

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

This study encompasses an overview of the activities in rice emphasizing the adoption of the drought tolerant genotypes in drought prone regions of Bangladesh and to identify best genotype(s) that could be able to alleviate drought in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Ten promising drought tolerant rainfed rice genotypes including four national and international drought tolerant check varieties were grown in four locations of Rangpur Sadar, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat and Kurigram of Bangladesh during T. Aman 2012 season. Twenty one to twenty four days old seedlings were transplanted @ 2-3 seedlings per hill at 20 cm × 20 cm spacing in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications in four districts. Fertilizers @ 69 (152 Kg Urea): 10 (52 Kg TSP): 41 (82 Kg MP): 11 (60 Kg Gypsum): 4 (11 Kg Zn SO4) Kg/ha NPKSZn were applied in the trial. All amounts of P, K, S and Zn were applied at the time of final land preparation and nitrogen was applied at three equal splits at 10, 25-30 and 40-45 days after transplanting (BRRI, 2015). Crop management such as weeding, irrigation etc. was done in time. Insects, diseases and other pests were controlled properly. Drought stress was initiated four weeks after transplanting up to maturity through proper draining of water from the field. Growth duration and grain yield data were collected from 4 environments. Data were analyzed following ANOVA model for single site experiment conducted in randomized complete block design (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) as given below
Yij = μ + Gi + Bj + eij,
where Yij= observed phenotype of ith genotype in jth block, μ=overall mean, Gi= effect of ith genotype, Bj= effect of jth block, eij= effect of experiment error. Error variances for each traits were test for variance homogeneity using Bartlett's test (Snedecor and Cochran, 1983), and data the traits with homogenous variances were combined. Finally Yijk = μ + Gi + Ej + Bj/k + (GxE)ij + eijk was used to analyse cross site variance components. where Yijk= observed phenotype of ith genotype in kth block under jth environment, μ=overall mean, Gi= effect of ith genotype, Ej= effect of jth environment, Bj/k= effect of kth block under jth environment, (GxE)ij= effect of interaction between ith genotype and jth environment, eijk= effect of experiment error. ANOVA and Genotype-Environment Interaction (GEI) were estimated by the AMMI model (Zobel et al., 1988) using Cropstat version 7.2 software.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 23–30, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Crop yield is a complex trait that is influenced by a number of component characters along with the environment directly or indirectly. If we could develop high yielding stable rice variety for diverse environments, we could offer most diverse stable rice varieties for the farmers. AMMI statistical model could be a great tool to select the most suitable and stable high yielding rice varieties for specific as well as for diverse environments. In the present study, AMMI model has shown that the largest proportion of the total variation in grain yield was attributed to different locations. Here most of the genotypes showed environment specificity. The mean grain yield value of genotypes averaged over environments indicated that highest yield was found for IR82635-B-B-145-1 (4.28 t/ha) and the lowest yield was observed for IR83376-B-B-130-2 (3.24 t/ha). It is noted that the genotype IR82635-B-B-145-1 showed higher grain yield (4.64 t/ha) than all other varieties over all the environments. The genotypes IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-75-2, IR82589-B-B-84-3, BRRI dhan56 (Ck) and BINA dhan7 (Ck) were hardly affected by the G × E interaction and thus would perform well across a wide range of environments. As the potential genotypes IR82635-B-B-75-2 and IR82589-B-B-84-3 has already released as varieties for the drought prone regions of Bangladesh, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR83377-B-B-93-3 and IR83383-B-B-129-4 also have the potentialities to combat in the in different drought prone environments. So these two genotypes could be released as drought tolerant varieties. Hybridization could be also done with these genotypes to generate more stable breeding lines over different environments.

Knowledge Management: Journal