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Effect of Trichoderma and Fungicide on Seedling Establishment and Yield Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice

M. M. Hassan
Agricultural Extension Officer, DAE

S. Hossain
Agricultural Extension Officer, DAE

M. M. Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh2202

S. Mahmud
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institution, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Poor seedling establishment and seedling mortality is the major barrier to optimum stand establishment in dry direct seeded boro rice. Experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January to June 2013 to study the effect of Trichoderma and fungicide application on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded Boro rice. The experiment comprised ten treatment combinations of Trichoderma and fungicides viz. seed treatment with Trichoderma (M1), seed treatment with Trichoderma+spraying of Thiovit (M2), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Propiconazole (M3), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M4), spraying of Thiovit (M 5), spraying of Propiconazole (M6), seed treatment with Thiovit + spraying of Propiconazole (M7), seed treatment with Propiconazole + spraying of Thiovit (M8), spraying of mixture of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M9), and control (no fungicide or Trichoderma ) (M10).The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experiment revealed that seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum followed by spraying of Thiovit gave the highest yield of rice. The study concludes that Trichoderma and then application of sulphur fungicide at 20 days after sowing could be practiced for ensuring high seedling establishment and yield of rice under dry direct seeded system in boro season.

Keywords: Trichoderma, Fungicide, Seedling, Boro rice

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungicide

Objectives:

The study sought to investigate the effect of Trichoderma and fungicide application on seedling establishment and yield performance of dry direct seeded Boro rice

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh during Boro season from January to June 2013. The experimental field is located at 24º25´N latitude and 90º50´E longitude having an altitude of 18 m. The experimental site is a medium high land belonging to the Sonatala series of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ-9). The soil was silt loam with pH 6.5. Soil contained 1.78% organic matter, 0.14% total N, 1.98 μg g-¹ available P, 0.10 meq 100g^-1 exchangeable K and 4.56 μg g^-1 available S. The crop experienced very low rainfall (0-15 mm) during January – March which coincided with the vegetative stage. The experiment comprised ten treatment combinations viz. seed treatment with Trichoderma (M1), seed treatment with Trichoderma+spraying of Thiovit (M2), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Propiconazole (M3), seed treatment with Trichoderma + spraying of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M4), spraying of Thiovit (M 5), spraying of Propiconazole (M6), seed treatment with Thiovit + spraying of Propiconazole (M7), seed treatment with Propiconazole + spraying of Thiovit (M8), spraying of mixture of Thiovit and Propiconazole (M9), and control (no fungicide or Trichoderma ) (M10). Treatment combinations were assigned to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The plot size was 4.0 m × 2.5 m maintained a plant spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm. BRRI dhan28 was was sown in furrows with 4-5 seeds hill^-1 on 16 January 2013 under dry direct seeded system. Trichoderma harzianum inoculums, a BAUbiofungicide was mixed at the rate of 4% of seed weight just before seed sowing (Hossain, 2011). The experimental plots were fertilized with well decomposed cow dung @ 5 t ha^-1 .The land was fertilized with urea, triple supper phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum and zinc sulphate @ 120, 14, 58, 8 and 1 kg ha^-1(BARC, 2005). Sulphur fungicide Thiovit (80% Sulphur) and propiconazol fungicide (Potent) were applied in every plot at 20 DAS at the rate of 2.5 kg ha^-1 and 0.5 litre per hectare, respectively. Five grams of Thiovit was mixed with 1 litre of water and 1ml Potent was mixed with 1 litre of water. Weeding was done by hand with niri and by the application of herbicide. Panida (Pendimethalin) was applied at 2 DAS as pre-emergence herbicide at the rate of 2 litre ha-¹. Only 2 irrigation were required for keeping 2-3 cm standing water in the crop field.. Irrigation water was measured by volumetric method (Misra and Ahmed, 1987).The crop was harvested on 31 May 2013 at maturity stage. At 10, 18 and 30 DAS emerged seedlings of central fourth and fifth lines (2 m²) of each plot were counted and converted into per square meter. Randomly ten seedlings were uprooted from 1 m inside of each plot at 30 DAS. Average shoot and root length of the seedlings were measured with a scale in centimeter (cm). At panicle initiation (PI) stage (77 DAS), randomly ten rice plants were cut with a sickle at soil level from about 1 meter inside of each experimental plot. Shoot length was measured with a scale in cm and the mean of ten shoots was shoot length (cm) seedlings^-1. At 30 DAS ten Shoots and roots were uprooted, cut, separated and dried at 70 ºC for 72 hours in an oven. Then they were cooled at room temperature and weighed by an electric balance in gram (g) to calculate average shoot and root dry matter (g) seedlings^-1. Average plant height was calculated. Number of tillers m-² was counted from the harvested crop. Number of panicles (effective tillers) m^-2 was also calculated. Ten panicles were selected to calculate average panicle length. Number of filled grain or grain and sterile spikelets in each panicle was counted. Then grains panicle-1 and sterile spikelets panicle-1 was measured by calculating the mean value. One thousand clean dried grains were counted at 14% moisture .Grain yield and straw yield was also measured at 14% moisture content after sun drying, cleaning and weighing separately and finally converted into t ha^-1. Harvest index was calculated as percentage of grain yield to total above ground biomass. The data were compiled and tabulated in proper form and subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done with the help of computer package program MSTAT-C and mean comparisons of the treatments were evaluated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 37–42, 2016

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Achievement/Findings:

Trichoderma along with the sulphur fungicide treatments can improve the seedling establishment and increase the yield of dry direct seeded Boro rice. The optimum number of seedlings and proper growth of seedlings could be achieved with the application of sulphur fungicide and Trichoderma treatments in dry direct seeded Boro rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal