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Water Productivity Improvement Using Water Saving Technologies in Boro Rice Cultivation

M B Hossain
SO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

D Roy
SSO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

P L C Paul
SSO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M T Islam
PSO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at farmers' field aimed to evaluate the water saving technologies in Boro rice. The experiment involved three plots at 33 m, 65 m and 100 m distance from the water source. Each plot was divided into two parts to accommodate two management practices as research management (RM) and farmer’s management (FM). RM comprised of plastic pipe water distribution system to reduce conveyance loss and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method for field water management. FM comprised of earthen canal water distribution system and conventional irrigation method. BRRI dhan28 was cultivated with recommended agronomic practices. In RM, irrigation was applied when water level went 15 cm down below the ground surface where FM included conventional practice. Result showed that conveyance loss of water in earthen canal increased with increasing the distance from water source to field. Conveyance loss found 6.1 and 0.5 l s^-1 per 100 m in earthen canal and plastic pipe distribution system, respectively. Plastic pipe distribution system successfully minimized 91.6% water loss that occurred in earthen canal. AWD practice alone saved 20.2% field water over conventional practice. Combination of AWD and plastic pipe had saved 42% water, Tk 2,270 ha^-1 as electricity cost and Tk 2,947 ha^-1 as irrigation cost over farmer’s management. RM had higher yield than FM due to better performance of yield contributing parameters. Water productivity increased from 0.35 kg m-3 in FM to 0.65 kg m^-3 in RM. Both the technologies in RM are environment friendly for reducing groundwater use in the irrigated ecosystem.

Keywords: Alternate wetting and drying, Conveyance loss, Distribution system, Water productivity

Location: Kustia, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management, Rice

Objectives:

To determine the Water Productivity Improvement Using Water Saving Technologies in Boro Rice Cultivation

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at farmers' field in Kushtia, Bangladesh during Boro 2013-14. Soil type of the experimental field was silt loam. Experimental area belongs to AEZ-11 (High Ganges river flood plain) with mean annual rainfall 1,478 mm (BRRI, 2014). The experiment involved three plots at 33 m, 65 m and 100 m distance from water source. Each plot divided into two parts. One part was under research management (RM) and another part was under farmer's management (FM). The variety was BRRI dhan28 and 42- days old @ 2-3 seedlings were transplanted with 20 cm × 15 cm spacing. BRRI recommended fertilizer doses and cultural practices were applied during the season. The whole amount of P, K, S and Zn fertilizer was applied as basal dose during land preparation. Urea was top-dressed in three equal splits at 15 DAT, 30 DAT and 40 DAT. Herbicide was applied after five days of transplanting. Furthermore weeding and spraying were done to control weed and insect pests. Rice yield was assessed taking samples from 10 square meter area of each plot and collected yield parameters. Finally, the yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content to determine yield per hectare. Data were analyzed using Cropstat 7.2 version. RM plot included two management practices such as plastic pipe water distribution system followed by alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation method. FM plot also had two management practices as earthen canal water distribution system followed by conventional irrigation method. Finally, water saving for RM was compared with FM. Besides water saving, cost of energy and irrigation were also calculated for both the management. Water was supplied to the RM plot through 12.7 cm diameter plastic pipe but in FM plot water was supplied through earthen canal. To measure conveyance loss for RM discharge was measured at the pump delivery point by using V-notch before installing plastic pipe and after installing plastic pipe discharge was measured at the outlet of plastic pipe using V- notch. But for FM discharge was measured by installing V-notch at inlet and outlet of the earthen canal. Thus the Conveyance loss was calculated using inflow-outflow method. Discharge of the STW was measured using a ^o V-notch weir, which is suitable to measure small flow accurately. The weir was placed across the canal at inlet and outlet of the canal. The following equation is used to calculate the rate of flow (Khurmi, 1997): Q = 1.417× H^5/2...................... (ii) Where, Q = discharge (m³ s^-1), H= height of water above the apex of notch (m).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 20 (1) : 17-22, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Alternate wetting and drying method combined with plastic pipe water distribution system was found effective water saving technologies in Boro rice cultivation. Plastic pipe distribution system saved 91.6% water, which is lost as conveyance loss in earthen canal. AWD technique alone saved 20.2% water (four irrigations) over conventional method. In combination of plastic pipe and AWD method saved 42% water with Tk 2270 ha^-1 as electricity cost and irrigation cost of Tk 2947 ha^-1 than farmer's management. Water productivity increased from 0.35 kg m^-3 to 0.65 kg m^-3 in farmer's management to research management. Both the techniques are environment friendly for reducing groundwater use in the irrigated ecosystem. Considering water scarcity during dry months, cost of electricity and understanding all the benefits of AWD method and plastic pipe, farmers of the study area showed interest to adopt these technologies.

Knowledge Management: Journal