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Physicochemical Characters of Oilseeds from Selected Mustard Genotypes

R. H. Sharif
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

R. K. Paul
Department of Chemistry, Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST), Pabna-6600, Bangladesh

D. K. Bhattacharjya
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

K. U. Ahmed
Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of oilseeds, three varieties of mustard oilseeds were studied their seed weight, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, total energy and minerals composition of oil and cake. Among the varieties the highest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.24 g) and the lowest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (3.17 g). The highest moisture content was observed from BARI Sarisha-15 (4.52%); whereas the lowest moisture content was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.10%). The variety BARI Sarisha-17 contained significantly highest amount of oil (41.98%) whereas the variety BARI Sarisha-16 contained lowest amount of oil (40.95%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of ash (14.20%). Significantly highest amount of protein was obtained from BARI Sarisha-15 (28.00%) and the lowest amount of protein obtained from BARI Sarisha-17 (22.57%). BARI Sarisha-17 contained highest amount of carbohydrate (18.85%), whereas BARI Sarisha-15 contained the lowest amount of carbohydrate (13.73%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of Ca (2.52%) and Zn (66.80%). BARI Sarisha-15 contained highest amounts Cu (13.40%) and Fe (170.30%). Mustard varieties contained erucic acid (51.35-50.67%). Highest amount of total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha15 (9.02%) and the lowest amount contained BARI Sarisha-16 (8.28%). Highest amount of total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha-17 (90.26%) lowest amount contained in BARI Sarisha-16 (87.04%). The highest amount of gross energy found from BARI Sarisha-15 (543.60 kcal/g; while lowest amount of gross energy recorded from BARI Sarisha-16 (531.20 kcal/g). Highest saponification value found in BARI Sarisha-17 (159.40) and lowest saponification value was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (157.6). The result of this research work confirms the mustard varieties seed to be of good quality and can be used for food preparation. The knowledge of this study could be utilized for various food preparation and selection for breeding purpose.

Keywords: Grain weight, Mineral content, Fatty acid, Iodine value, Mustard, Physicochemical characters

Location: Biochemistry laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and Post Harvest Technology Division BARI Joydebpur, Gazipur,

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

The main purpose of the study is to determine the oil content, protein, carbohydrate and minerals content of different genotypes of of oilseeds from selected mustard genotypes

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Biochemistry laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Post Harvest Technology Division BARI Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Three varieties of mustard (Brassica spp.) namely BARI Sarisha-15 (grain properties is yellow in color, oval in shape and small in size), BARI Sarisha-16 (grain properties is brownish in color and round in shape and large size), BARI Sarisha-17 (grain properties is brownish in color, round in shape and large size) were collected from the Oilseeds Research Centre of BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Seed were cleaned sun dried and stored into plastic container in a cool place until used for the chemical analysis. The nutritive value of a food-grain is indicated by its composition shown by chemical analysis. The degree to which the chemical analysis indicates the nutritive value is dependent on the constituents determined. All the chemicals used were collected from Merck (Germany), Wako Pure Chemicals Industries Ltd. and JHD (China). These chemicals were used analytical and spectroscopic grade without further purification.
Moisture content of mustard sample was determined by a thermostat controlled oven. Empty aluminum moisture dish was weighted (W1) and 2.5 g sample was taken in a moisture dish and weighted (W2). The sample was spread evenly and placed without lid in oven and dried samples overnight at 100⁰C temperature. The dishes were transferred to desiccators to cool. Aluminum dish was weighed after cooling (W3). The percentage of the moisture was then calculated. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatographic method (Uppstrom et al., 1978). About 12 mg of oil or equivalent amount of oil seeds was taken (seed was crushed in an oil paper and then transferred into a test tube). The sample was extracted and transesterified at the same time with 5 ml ethylated reagent (petroleum ether/0.02M sodium hydroxide in ethanol (2/3) and shake. The samples were kept for overnight at room temperature. 10 ml salt solution (80 g NaCl and 3 g sodium hydrogen sulphate in 1 liter water) was added and shake. As soon as the two layers were separated, the benzene phase was transferred to small test tubes. A Philips PU 4500 chromatograph instrument was used with flame ionization detector (FID). A glass column (1.5m x 4mm) was packed with BDS. With this column the injection post, column and detector temperature was set at 220 °C, 185 oC and 240 °C, respectively. Nitrogen flow (used as career gas) rate was 22 ml/min, the injection volume was 2 µl. Peak areas were measured with an electronic digital integrator (Shinadzu C-R6A chromatopac).
By using a combination diluter-dispenser, 1 ml aliquot was taken from filtrate and 19 ml water (dilution 1) was added. The other dilutions were made in the following order. For P, K and Na determination, 1 ml aliquot from dilution 1, 9 ml of water and 10 ml of color reagent were mixed together. It was allowed to stand about 20 minutes and reading was taken of spectrophotometer at 680 nm. For Ca and Mg determination, 1 ml aliquot from dilution 1, 9 ml of water and 10 ml of 1% lanthanum solution were mixed together. It was analyzed by absorption spectrophotometer. For Fe, Mn and Zn determination, the original filtrate was used to analyze these elements by absorption spectrophotometer.
The recorded data for each character from the experiments was analyzed statistically find out the variation resulting from experimental treatments using MSTAT package program. The mean for all the treatments were calculated and analysis of variance of characters under the study was performed by F variance test. The mean differences were evaluated by least significance difference test.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 27–40, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The physicochemical characteristics of three varieties of mustard oilseed were analyzed. Among those mustard varieties BARI Sarisha-17 contained highest amount of oil, saponification value, iodine value, carbohydrate contain and highest amount of total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA). It was observed that highest amount of gross energy found from BARI Sarisha-15 and it was also found that highest amounts protein, Mg, N, Cu, Fe and highest amount of total saturated fatty acid (TSFA). All mustard varieties contained good amount of erucic acid. BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of Ca and Zn. It indicates that the BARI Sarisha-15 is a good candidate of most of the nutrient containing oil seed. Farmers are cultivating different varieties of mustard in their field for the consumption oil and oilcake as food, feed and fertilizer. BARI Sarisha-15, BARI Sarisha-16, and BARI Sarisha-17 are grown in large scale as they contained the fair amount of nutrient contents.

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