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Investigation of Sexually Transmitted Protozoan Parasite Tritrichomonas Foetus in Cattle in Bangladesh

M. R. Islam,
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Talukder
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. B. Hossain
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Karim
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bovine trichomoniasis is a venereal disease caused by the protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of T. foetus in cattle and associated risk factors. A total of 200 samples from 183 cows and 17 bulls were collected from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University; Mymensingh district and Regional station of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute in Shahjadpur, Sirajgonj during the period from March 2015 to May 2016. Among 200 cattle, 65 were indigenous, 100 were Holstein cross and 35 were Shahiwal cross bred. The collected samples were vaginal and uterine washing, aborted foetus and semen. The samples were collected from vagina and uterus by flashing with phosphate buffer solution by artificial insemination tube connected with 20 ml syringe. The samples were examined for T. foetus under microscope. The samples were examined on the same day of collection. Out of 200 samples examined, 3 (1.5%) were found infected with T. foetus protozoa. Among these 3 positive cases of tritrichomoniasis, one was detected in aborted foetal materials and other two were detected in vaginal washings. We did not find any T. foetus in the semen samples from the bulls. Therefore, bulls represent zero prevalence of T. foetus. During the study period the examined animals were categorized into three age groups viz. 40, 60 and 100 cattle for below 3 years, over 3 years to below 6 years and over 6 years to ten years, respectively. The prevalence rate was found in adult cattle over 6 years (>6–10 years) was 2.00%, over 3 years (>3–6 years) was 1.66% and below 3 years (<3 years) was 0%. In the study, prevalence rate of cross bred animals were 2.22% and no infection was found in indigenous bred. So, this preliminary study indicates that a low prevalence rate of bovine trichomoniasis present in cattle in this study area. Further investigation using serological and molecular method will help to detect precisely the prevalence of this important sexually transmitted protozoan disease in cattle. To our best knowledge, this is the first study on the prevalence of bovine tritrichomoniasis in Bangladesh except a single clinical case reported in 1974. This study also indicate that bovine tritrichomoniasis has a minor role related to abortion of cattle in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Prevalence, Tritrichomonas foetus, Cattle

Location: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU); Mymensingh and Regional Station of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) in Shahjadpur, Sirajgonj

Start Date: 00-03-2015

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases and insects

Objectives:

This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and other associated risk factors of bovine trichomoniasis in the selected areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Samples were collected from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU); Mymensingh district and Regional Station of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) in Shahjadpur, Sirajgonj for the convenience of the study. Samples were collected from risk group of animals having history of abortion and reproductive infections. The collected samples were examined in the Department of Parasitology, BAU, Mymensingh and Animal Health Laboratory, BLRI, Sirajgonj for detecting the prevalence of trichomoniasis in cattle. The research activities were carried out during the period from March, 2015 to May, 2016. Total 200 samples were collected among which 135 from BLRI, 50 from Mymensingh district and 15 from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, BAU. Before sample collection age, sex, breed of animals and previous history of early abortion, delayed conception, pyometra, vaginitis and infertility were noted by interrogating the farmers. Out of 200 samples, 65 were indigenous bred, 100 were Holstein cross bred and 35 were Shahiwal cross bred and the samples were categorized into three age groups viz. below three years (<3 years), over three to six years (>3–6 years) and over six to ten years old (>6–10 years). Bulls: Total 17 semen samples were collected in Mymensingh district. The semen samples were collected from bulls during regular collection of their semen in AI station. Cows: Total 183 samples were collected in which 135 from BLRI, 15 from Veterinary Teaching Hospital and 33 from Mymensingh district. After restraining the cow, swaps or washing with PBS from vagina and uterus were collected by artificial insemination pipette connected with 20 mL syringe managing all the hygienic conditions. In case of aborted foetal material, allantoic fluid, placenta, foetal membrane, foetal tissue etc. were collected. Out of 183 samples indigenous bred, Holstein cross bred and Shahiwal bred were 48, 100 and 35, respectively.

Sample analysis: The collected samples were examined under microscope for detection of T. foetus . First focused on low power objective (10x) and then at 40x magnification for identification of T. foetus (Figure 4). The samples were examined on the day of collection. The samples were examined repeatedly to find out the T. foetus. Identification of the protozoa: T. foetus was identified on the basis of its characteristic morphological features. T. foetus is a flagellate, pyriform protozoa parasite, approximately 8–18 µm long and 4–9 µm wide with three anterior and one posterior flagella and an undulating membrane. The organisms move with a jerky, rolling motion and are seen in culture tests of preputial samples of infected bulls and vaginal washings or cervico-vaginal mucus of infected cows, or sometimes in aborted fetuses (Warton & Honigberg, 1979).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 47–54, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It has serious economic impact on the livestock production. This preliminary study indicates that a low prevalence rate of bovine trichomoniasis present in cattle in this study area. Further investigation using serological and molecular method will help to precisely detect the prevalence of this important sexually transmitted protozoan disease in cattle. This study also indicates that bovine trichomoniasis has a minor role related to abortion of cattle in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal