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Allelopathic Potential of Mustard Crop Residues on Weed Management and Performance of Transplant Aman Rice

M. N. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

U. K. Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Ferdousi
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. J. Uddin
Upazila Agriculture Officer, Ramganj, Laksmipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Crop allelopathy may be useful to minimize serious problems in the present agricultural production such as environmental pollution, unsafe production, human health concerns, depletion of crop diversity, soil sickness and reduction of crop productivity. In this phenomenon an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of crop residues of mustard on weed management and crop performance of T. aman rice. The experiment consisted of three cultivars of T. aman rice viz., BR11, BR23 and BRRI dhan49 and five different level of mustard crop residues such as no crop residues, mustard crop residues @ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t ha^–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five weed species belonging to three families infested the experimental plots. Weed population, weed dry weight and percent inhibition of weed were significantly influenced by mustard crop residues and cultivar. The maximum weed growth was noticed with the cultivar BR23 and the minimum was found in the cultivar BR11. The grain yield as well as the other yield contributing characters produced by BR11 was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest percent inhibition of 71.17, 69.19, 80.88, 70.48 and 86.97 was in Shama (Echinochlo acrusgalli), Panishapla (Nymphaea nouchali), Panichaise (Scirpus juncoides), Panikachu (Monochoria vaginalis) and Susnishak (Marsilea quadrifolia), respectively which was caused by the application of mustard crop residues @ 2 t ha^–1. The highest loss of grain yield was obtained where no crop residues were incorporated. The highest numbers of tillers hill^-1, numbers of grains panicle^–1, 1000grain weight, grain yield, straw yield were observed where mustard crop residues were incorporated @ 2.0 t ha^–1. BR11 cultivar with all treatments produced the highest grain and straw yield among the treatment combination. The results of this study indicate that different amount of mustard crop residues showed potential activity to suppress weed growth.

Keywords: Weed population, Percent inhibition, Transplanted rice variety, Rice

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-06-2015

End Date: 00-11-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the weed suppressing ability of mustard crop residues and its optimum dose to establish an easy, economic and sustainable method for efficient weed management of T. Aman rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh during aman season (June-November) of 2015. The experimental treatment consisted of two factors. In factor A, 5 mustard crop residues– i) No crop residue (T1), ii) 0.5 t ha^–1 (T2), iii) 1.0 t ha^–1 (T3), iv) 1.5 t ha^–1 (T4), v) 2.0 t ha^–1 (T5) and in factor B, 3 rice variety viz. i) BR11 (V1), ii) BR23 (V2), iii) BRRI dhan49 (V3) were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The total number of plot was 45. Each plot size was (2.5m × 2m). The distance maintained between the individual unit plots was 0.5 m and distance between the replication was 1.0 m. Land preparation for rice cultivation was done by 3–4 times of ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering. The studied crop residues were cut as small as possible by using sickle. The prepared mustard crop residues was applied seven days before transplanting and mixed well to the respective plots by a spade in the prepared field. The experimental plots were fertilized with urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum @ 150, 52, 82, 60 kg ha^–1, respectively for the variety of BR11 and BRRI dhan49. On the other hand 195 kg urea, 52 kg triple super phosphate, 82 kg muriate of potash and 60 kg gypsum per hectare were applied to the field for BR23. Except urea, the whole amount of other fertilizer was applied before final land preparation. Urea was top dressed in three installments at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Transplanting was done in 30 July 2015 at the rate of three seedlings hill^–1 maintained row and hill distance of 25 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Data on weed population, weed dry weight and different parameters of rice plant was taken at different growth stage of rice plants from each plot. After attaining full maturity the crops were harvested on 15 November, 2015. Data on grain and straw yields were collected from an area of l m² in the middle of each plot. The data on other crop characters were randomly sampled from the region outside 1 m² area (excluding the border hills) which was kept for taking data on grain and straw yields. Data recorded for different parameters were compiled and tabulated in proper form and subjected to statistical analysis. The Analysis of variance was done with the help of computer package MSTAT-C program. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as laid out by Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 15(2): 133–139, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Weed population, weed dry weight, percent inhibition were significantly affected by variety, mustard crop residues and their interaction. It is found from this study that incorporation of mustard crop residue was really able to suppress weed infestation. Mustard crop residues might be a successful weed management tool which can inhibit the germination of several weed species and not inhibit the growth performance of the crop. It may be useful to minimize hazardous environmental issues, excessive uses of synthetic herbicide and provide better soil health. So it is clear from the study that mustard crop residues have an immense prospect on weed management and sustainable agricultural development. In addition, further research using different crop residues needs to be done for getting conclusive result.

Knowledge Management: Journal