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Variability and Traits Association in Maize (zea Mays L.) for Yield and Yield Associated Characters

A. Ferdoush
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Haque
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Rashid
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. A. Bari
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Maize (Zea mays L.) is world’s third most important cereal crop that has a remarkable productive potential in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, maize is the second most important cereal crop in terms of production. The selection for high yield with desirable traits depends on the genetic variability in the existing germplasm. Successful breeding programs need adequate genetic variation for selection and improvement based on necessity. The research was conducted in the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2015 to April 2016. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 20 maize genotypes based on their yield and yield contributing characters to determine existing genetic variability. The extrapolated ANOVA for different yield contributing parameters showed a high degree of variation among the genotypes used. Correlation co-efficient analysis revealed that yield plant⁻¹ (g) had positive and significant association with ear girth (cm), 1000-kernel weight (g), yield plot⁻¹ (g), grain yield (t ha⁻¹) with dry weight. The genotypes differed significantly for most of the phenotypic traits. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) in all traits studied indicating that those traits were interacted with the environment. The traits under study expressed wide heritability estimates (26.81% to 99.95%). Among the characters, highest heritability was recorded for 1000-kernel weight (g). High heritability along with high genetic advance was noticed for 1000-kernel weight (g), yield plot⁻¹ (g) and grain yield (t ha⁻¹). Considering different desirable traits P-12, Popcorn, V90-1, 988 were observed as superior genotypes. The data would be useful for proper identification and selection of appropriate parents in breeding programs to develop new maize varieties.

Keywords: Maize, Genetic variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation co-efficient

Location: Field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-04-2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The specific objectives of current research program were to assess the genetic variability of locally available 20 maize genotypes for economically important agronomic traits and to select superior genotypes for applied breeding.

Methodology:

An experiment was carried out at the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The duration of the experiment was from November 2015 to April 2016. Twenty locally available maize genotypes were used as experimental materials. Those were: BARI Hybrid Maize 7 (BHM-7), BARI Hybrid Maize 9 (BHM-9), H-981, Popcorn, Elite-1, E-2, E-121, E-155, P-4, P-8, P-12, P-23, P-27, V90-1, V90-2, V90-3, V91, V90-1-1, 891 and 988. The material consisted two BARI released hybrids and 18 advanced lines. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The maize genotypes were planted. The recommended fertilizer rates used for maize were 200 kg N, 50 kg P, 100 kg K and 40 kg S ha⁻¹ (Rahman et al., 2016) and weeding, thinning, irrigation, pesticide etc. were done as and when necessary to ensure the normal plant growth and development. At field, five randomly selected plants were used for data recording from each plot on the following parameters : emergence percentage (%), days to anthesis (days), plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear girth (cm), root lodging (%). After harvesting no. of kernels ear⁻¹, 1000-kernel weight (g), yield plant⁻¹ (g), yield plot⁻¹ (g) and grain yield (t ha−¹⁾ were recorded.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were conducted using SAS software version 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2010). We extrapolated genotyping and phenotypic variances by utilizing the formula narrated by Johnson et al., (1955). The formula described by Johnson et al., (1955) and Hanson et al., (1956) were used to calculate heritability in broad sense (h²b). Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variations were estimated according to the formula given by Singh and Chaudhary (1985). Estimation of genetic advance was estimated following formula given by Johnson et al., (1955) and Allard (1960). Genetic advance in percent of mean was calculated by the formula of Comstock and Robinson (1952):

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 15(2): 193–198, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Without having genetic diversity further varietal improvement is unexpected. The findings suggested that there is ample opportunity for better utilization of the studied maize genotypes for selective desired characters in maize breeding programs as diversity existed in the studied twenty maize genotypes. Considering, all the traits P-12, Popcorn, V90-1 and 988 performed well among the studied genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal