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Response of Chickpea Varieties to Boron Application in Calcareous and Terrace Soils of Bangladesh

M. A. Quddus
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil and Water Management Section, HRC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. A. Hossain
Chief Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

H. M. Naser
Principal Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

N. Naher
Scientific Officer
Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur

F. Khatun
Principal Scientific Officer
Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Madaripur and Gazipur during rabi (winter) season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to determine the optimum dose of B for different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three varieties (BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8 and BARI Chola-9) and four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha^-1) along with a blanket dose of N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1. Boron was applied as H₃BO₃. Results showed BARI Chola-9 with 1.5 kg B ha^-1 produced the highest seed yield of 1338 kg ha^-1 at Madaripur and 2218 kg ha^-1 at Gazipur. Nodulation, nitrogen (N) and protein contents were also found highest for the same variety and B treatment. The other two varieties (BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-8) also performed higher yield in the plot receiving 1.5 kg B ha^-1 compared to 1 kg B ha^-1 or 2 kg B ha^-1 at both locations. The results suggest that BARI Chola-9 and 1.5 kg B ha^-1 along with N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1 could be used for achieving higher yield of chickpea in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Chickpea, Boron, Yield, Nodulation, Protein content

Location: (i) research field of Regional Pulses Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Madaripur and (ii) Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Chickpea, Fertilizer

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the response of chickpea varieties to boron application and to find out the suitable dose of boron for yield maximization of chickpea in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted in two locations for two consecutive years (winter season of 2012-13 and 2013-14): (i) research field of Regional Pulses Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Madaripur and (ii) Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur. Madaripur is medium high land with loamy textured calcareous soils. It belongs to Gopalpur series (Soil taxonomy: Aquic Eutrochrepts) under the agro-ecological zone of Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12). Gazipur is medium high land with fine-textured (clay loam) terrace soils. It belongs to Chhiata series (Soil taxonomy: Udic Rhodustalf) under the agro ecological zone - Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28). The Madaripur area got average rainfall from 7.6 to 80.2 mm during November to April. The mean minimum and maximum air temperatures during November to March of the experiment were 10.3 and 34.8°C, respectively. Gazipur area received average rainfall from 1.2 to 34.8 mm during November to April. The mean minimum and maximum air temperatures during November to March of the experiment were 9.23 and 34.2°C, respectively. Before starting the experiment initial soil (0-15 cm) samples of both locations were analyzed.
There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three varieties of chickpea (V1= BARI Chola-5, V2= BARI Chola-8 and V3= BARI Chola-9) and four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha^-1) along with a blanket dose of N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1. Treatment combinations were arranged as T1= V1B0; T2= V1B1; T3= V1B1.5; T4= V1B2; T5= V2B0; T6= V2B1; T7= V2B1.5; T8= V2B2; T9= V3B0; T10= V3B1; T11= V3B1.5; and T12= V3B2. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot was considered as variety factor and sub-plot was as B factor. Each sub-plot size was 4 m × 3 m. The land was first opened by a tractor and prepared thoroughly by ploughing with a power tiller followed by laddering and leveling. Boron was applied as boric acid (17% B). Each plot received an equal amount of fertilizers N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1 as urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively during final plot preparation. Two types of chickpea like Desi chickpea (brown to yellow brown seed coat with various shaped- generally small or medium small and angular with a rough surface) e.g. BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-9, and Kabuli chickpea (white thin seed coat with bigger round shape and smooth surface) e.g. BARI Chola-8 were used. Seeds of chickpeas were sown @ 40-45 kg ha^-1 with a spacing of 50 cm × 10 cm in mid-November in both locations. Two hand weedings were done at 25 and 50 days after sowing. The disease (BGM) was controlled by spraying Secure fungicide @ 0.2% two times at an interval of 10 days. The first at flowering stage and insects (pod borer and aphid) were controlled by spraying Karate @ 0.2% two times at 10 day intervals during podding stage. Crop was harvested at maturity. Maturity refers to chickpea pods to be brown or yellow brown coloured as well as the seed become hard containing 12-16% moisture. The data of nodules per plant was recorded at flowering stage in each plot by selecting 5 plants randomly. The chickpea plants were smoothly uprooted and the soil was carefully removed from roots by water. Then the roots were washed with distilled water, blotted with tissue paper and the number of nodules was counted. For measuring yield attributes viz. plant height, pods per plant and seeds per pod, mature ten plants of chickpea were randomly selected and uprooted from each plot at the harvest time. Plant height was recorded from above ground part and averaged. Pods were detached from every plant and the number of pods per plant was counted and averaged. Ten pods were separated randomly from composite pods of 10 plants from each plot. The number of seeds per pod was counted on ten pods and averaged. For stover yield (kg ha^-1), mature plants were collected from 1-m² in each plot at harvest time. The harvested plants were sun dried and seeds were separated. The dry stovers were weighed and the weight was converted to kg ha-1. The seed yield (kg ha^-1) was measured based on whole plot (4 m× 3 m) technique. The 100- seed weight (g) was determined by randomly counting of 100- seed from the whole seeds from each plot and weighed. Initial soil samples (0-15 cm depth) of two locations were collected and brought to the laboratory and spread on a brown paper for air drying. The air-dry soil samples were ground and passed through a 2-mm sieve. After sieving, the prepared soil samples were kept into plastic containers with proper label for chemical analysis. Soil pH was measured by glass electrode pH meter using soil: water ratio of 1:2.5 (Page et al., 1982) and organic matter by Nelson and Sommers (1982) method; total N by Microkjeldahl method (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982); exchangeable K by 1N NH₄OAc method (Jackson, 1973); exchangeable Ca by 1N NH₄OAc method (Gupta, 2004); available P by Olsen and Sommers (1982) method for calcareous soil and Bray and Kurtz (1945) method for terrace soil; available S by turbidity method using BaCl2 (Fox et al., 1964); available Zn by DTPA method (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978); available B by azomethine-H method (Page et al., 1982). Plant samples (stover and seed) against each treatment were oven-dried at 70°C for 48 h and were finely ground using CyclotecTM 1093 sample Mill (Made in Sweden). An amount of 0.1 g ground sample (stover and seeds) was analyzed for N using the Kjeldahl method FOSS (Persson et al., 2008). Protein content in chickpea seed was calculated by considering the pulses food factor 5.30 (FAO, 2018). The protein content was estimated by multiplying the %N content of seed with pulses food factor 5.30 that means (%N × 5.30). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the yield, yield attributes, nodulation and N and protein contents were done following the Statistix 10 package (Statistix 10., 1985). Data of yield attributes, nodules per plant, N and protein content were computed averaged of two study years in each location. Averaged data of all parameter were also statistical analyzed through ANOVA procedure using a split-plot design with three replicates considering main-plot factor variety and sub-plot for factor B. Then multiple comparisons like all-pairwise comparisons i.e. the means of treatment tested by LSD method at 5% (LSD 0.05) and level of significance (Statistix 10., 1985).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 543-556, December 2018 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All varieties of chickpea were found responsive to boron, but BARI Chola-9 response to boron comparatively was higher than that of other two varieties by the trial of two consecutive years. BARI Chola-9 and boron @ 1.5 kg ha^-1 along with a blanket dose of N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1 appeared as the best-suited combination on the basis of yield, quality (protein content) and yield components. All tested varieties like BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8 and BARI Chola-9 achieved higher yield in the plot receiving 1.5 kg B ha^-1 than that of the plot receiving 1 kg B ha^-1 or 2 kg B ha^-1 at both Madaripur and Gazipur. Thus boron @ 1.5 kg ha^-1 along with N₂₀P₂₀K₂₅S₁₀Zn₂ kg ha^-1 can be recommended for chickpea cultivation in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal