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Productivity and Profitability of Improved Versus Existing Cropping Pattern in Kushtia Region

M. S. Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jessore

M. T. Islam
Scientific Officer
Pomology Division, Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur

M. Z. H. Prodhan
Principal Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre, BARI, Bogra

M. K. Hasan
Principal Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. S. M. M. R. Khan
Chief Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The trial was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to second week of February, 2017 at farmers’ field condition to cover two cropping cycle of four crops. The main objectives of the trial were to verify the feasibility of growing improved cropping pattern Mustard-Mungbean-T.Aus-T.Aman rice and to compare its productivity and profitability with existing cropping pattern Lentil-Sesame-T.Aman rice. The varieties BARI Sarisha-15, BARI Mung-6, BRRI dhan48 and Binadhan-7 were used for the crop Mustard, Mungbean, T.Aus and T.Aman rice, respectively in the improved cropping pattern, while in case of existing pattern, the varieties were BARI Masur-6, BARI Till-3 and Binadhan-7 for Lentil, Sesame and T.Aman rice, respectively. Findings revealed that the mean crop duration of 340 days were required for one cycle in a year in improved cropping pattern which implied that four crop based cropping pattern was agronomically feasible to replace existing cropping pattern. Total seed/grain yield in terms of REY of improved cropping pattern was 14.85 t ha^-1 year^-1 which was 44% higher than that of existing pattern (10.30 t ha^-1 year^-1). Mean production efficiency (35.78 kg ha^-1 day^-1), land use efficiency (93.15%) and labour employment (589 man days ha^-1 year^-1) of improved cropping pattern was 51%, 16% and 62%, higher, respectively than that of existing cropping pattern. The mean net economic advantages of improved cropping pattern was Tk 12677 ha^-1 year-1 which implied that the improved cropping pattern was economically viable. Moreover, the improved cropping pattern increased cropping intensity, farmers knowledge, skill, and income as well as employment. It also maintained soil health by incorporating mungbean stover and T.Aus rice straw in the soil. Therefore, farmers in Kushtia region of Bangladesh could follow the improved cropping pattern in their high and medium high land for higher productivity and profitability as well as employment generation over existing cropping pattern.

Keywords: Four crops, Grain yield, Production efficiency, Rice equvalent yield, Profitability

Location: At Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), BARI, Kushtia

Start Date: 00-02-2015

End Date: 00-02-2017

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Profitability, Cropping pattern

Objectives:

i.   to document the agronomic practices of growing Mustard-Mungbean- T.Aus-T.Aman rice cropping pattern;
ii.   to verify the feasibility of growing Mustard-Mungbean-T.Aus-T.Aman rice cropping pattern in farmers field condition;
iii.   to compare its productivity and profitability against farmer’s existing cropping pattern Lentil- Sesame-T.Aman rice; and
iv.   To determine the land use efficiency, production efficiency and labour employment generation of improved and existing cropping pattern.

Methodology:

The trial was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to second week of February, 2017 at farmers’ field condition to cover two cropping cycle of four crops. Before setting up and end of two cycle of the experiment, soil samples were taken separately over 0-15 cm depth to determine baseline and post soil properties, respectively. Soil samples were air-dried, crushed, and analyzed separately in SRDI laboratory. The experiment was laid out in block approach for maintaining all activities one after another at a time. There were two blocks consisting of one hectare in each cropping pattern of 8 farmers. One block was under the improved cropping pattern and the other was farmer’s existing pattern. In the improved cropping pattern, Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var. BARI Mung-6) - T.Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48) - T.Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7) was cultivated against existing pattern Lentil (var. BARI Masur-6) - Sesame (var. BARI Till-4) - T.Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7). The trial was started by mungbean cultivation in improved cropping pattern. Lentil, sesame, mustard and mungbean seed was sown in broadcasting method and the rice seedling was transplanted 20 x 15 cm. All fertilizers were applied as basal and top dressing by following improved management practices. The agronomic parameters and inter-cultural operation for crop production under improved and farmer’s existing practices are presented in Table 2. In T.Aus and T.Aman rice, stem borer and sheath blight was observed in some plots. Folicur @ 0.5 ml/L was sprayed to control sheath blight and Virtako 40 WG @1.5g/10 L for stem borer. In Mustard, Rovral-50 wp @ 2 g/L was sprayed at early stage for controlling alternaria blight disease. In mungbean, Tafgor (2ml/L) and Imitaf 20 SL (0.5ml/L) were sprayed for controlling aphid and thrips. All field operation and management practices of both improved and farmer’s pattern were closely monitored and the data were recorded for observing agro-economic performance. The yield data of product and by-product were recorded from 1 m²in 3 areas from each block.
Agronomic performance viz., land use efficiency, production efficiency and rice equivalent yield of cropping patterns were calculated.

Profitability analysis: The economic indices like total variable cost and gross return were also calculated on the basis of prevailing market price of the produces. For economic evaluation of two tested cropping patterns, average data of two crop cycles were used. Gross return was calculated on the basis of taka per hectare of product and by-product. Total variable cost of different crops was calculated on the basis of taka per hectare of different operations performed and materials used for raising the crops. Partial budgeting was used to compare the advantage in between improved and existing cropping pattern. Net economic advantage was derived by subtracting of total economic disadvantage from total economic advantage.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 587-598, December 2018 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The trial was conducted to verify the feasibility of growing improved cropping pattern Mustard-Mungbean-T.Aus-T.Aman rice and to compare its productivity and profitability with existing cropping pattern Lentil-Sesame-T.Aman rice. After completion of two cycles, soil was also tested. Post soil chemical analysis result revealed that the mean pH was slightly lower than initial value whereas organic matter content increased due to incorporation of mungbean in the soil of improved cropping pattern. The contents of K, Zn and B increased in post soil compared to initial soil while the contents of P and S decreased in post soil than initial soil. Total N is same in post and initial soil. The mean crop duration was 340 days for improved cropping pattern which implied that four crop based improved pattern is agronomically feasible to replace existing cropping pattern. Total seed/grain yield in terms of REY of improved cropping pattern was 14.85 t ha^-1 year^-1 which was 44% higher than that of existing pattern (10.30 t ha^-1 year^{- 1}). Mean production efficiency (35.78 kg ha^-1 day^-1), land use efficiency (93.15%) and labour employment (589 man days ha^-1 year^-1) of improved cropping pattern was 51%, 16% and 62%, higher, respectively than that of existing cropping pattern. The mean net economic advangaes of improved cropping pattern was Tk 12677 ha^-1 year^-1 which implied that the improved cropping pattern was economically viable. Moreover, the improved cropping pattern increased cropping intensity, farmers knowledge, skill, and income as well as employment. The food and nutritional security will be ensured for the farmers of Kushtia region due to increase production of crops. It also maintained soil health by incorporating mungbean stover and T.Aus straw in the soil of improved cropping pattern. Farmers in Kushtia region of Bangladesh could follow Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var. BARI Mung-6) - T.Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48) - T.Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7) cropping pattern in their high and medium high land for higher productivity and profitability against existing pattern Lentil (var. BARI Masur-6) – Sesame (var. BARI Till-4) - T.Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7).

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