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Combining Ability and Heterosis Studyin Maize Inbreds Throughout Diallel Mating Design

A. N. M. S. Karim
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

S. Ahmed
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur,

A. H. Akhi
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. Z. A. Talukder
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur

A. Karim
Senior Scientific Officer
Seed Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Combining ability effects were estimated for grain yield and some other important agronomic traits of maize in a 7×7 diallel analysis excluding reciprocals. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) were found significant for yield, days to pollen shedding, days to silking and ear height while it was found non-significant for plant height and number of kernels/ear. Non-significant general combining ability (GCA) variance for plant height and number of kernels/ear indicates that these two traits were predominantly controlled by non- additive type of gene action. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all the characters except yield and days to silking. Non-significant specific combining ability (SCA) variance for yield and days to silking suggests that these two traits were predominantly controlled by additive type of gene action. Both GCA and SCA variances were found significant only in days to pollen shedding and ear height indicated the presence of additive as well as non additive gene effects for controlling the traits. However, relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters studied except days to silking. Parent BIL95 was the best general combiner for both high yield and number of kernels/ear and parent BML4 for dwarf plant type. Two crosses (BML4× BML36 and BIL114× BIL31) exhibited significant and positive SCA effects for grain yield involved low × average and average × average general combining parents. The range of heterosis expressed by different crosses for grain yield and days to silking was from -65.83 to 21.26 percent and -17.85 to 8.22 percent, respectively.. The better performing three crosses (BIL114×BIL31, BIL138×BIL95 and BIL31×BIL95) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour.

Keywords: Combining ability, Heterosis, Maize, GCA, SCA

Location: Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The present study involving a 7×7 diallel analysis designed to find out the better general combining parents and for isolating good cross combinations in maize for developing suitable hybrid(s) locally.

Methodology:

Seven inbred lines of maize viz. P1(BML4), P2(BML36), P3(BIL106), P4(BIL114), P5(BIL138), P6(BIL31) and P7(BIL95) collected from CIMMYT-Mexico, CIMMYT-ARMP, and locally developed were crossed in all possible combinations (excluding reciprocals) in the rabi season of 2012-2013 at Joydebpur. During rabi 2013-2014, crossed 21 F1’s and along with three commercial hybrids were grown following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications were sown on 24 November 2013. Each plot involved of 2 rows 5.0 m long. The unit plot size was 5.0 m x 0.75 m. Spacing adopted was 75 cm × 20 cm between rows and hills, respectively. One healthy seedling per hill was kept after proper thinning. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 55, 110, 40, 5 and 1.5 kg/ha of N, P, K, S, Zn, B, respectively. Standard agronomic practices were followed and plant protection measures were taken when required. Data on days to 50% pollen shedding and silking were recorded on whole plot basis. Ten randomly selected plants were used for recording observations on plant height and ear height. All the plants in 2 rows were considered for plot yield which was later converted to t/ha. The combining ability analysis was carried out following Model I (fixed effects) and Method IV (one set of F1’s but neither parents nor reciprocal F1’s is included) described by Griffing (1956) using a software ‘diallel analysis’ by Mark D. Burrow and James G. Coors, version 1.1.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 599-609, December 2018 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Parents with good positive GCA for yield (BIL95), number of kernels/ear (BIL138and BIL95) and 1000- kernel wt. (BML36andBIL31) and negative GCA for days to pollen shedding (BIL95), plant height and ear height (BML4) may be extensively used in hybridization program as a donor. The better performing three crosses (BIL114 × BIL31, BIL138 × BIL95 and BIL31 × BIL95) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour.

Knowledge Management: Journal