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Soil Salinity Management for Increasing Potato Yield in the Coastal Area of Southern Bangladesh

M.S. Islam
Senior Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bhola

H. Saif
Scientific Officer, Planning and Evaluation Wing, BARI, Gazipur

M. R. Islam
Chief Scientific Officer
OFRD, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Q. Naher
Senior Scientific Officer
OFRD, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. S. M. M. R. Khan
Chief Scientific Officer & Head, OFRD, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted at farmers’ field of Charfashion upazila in Bhola district under AEZ-18 during the Rabi season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 to find out suitable soil salinity management practice(s) for maximizing potato yield as well as farmers’ income. Two planting systems viz. raised bed and flat land, and four management systems with fertilizers and mulching were considered in a factorial experiment. The rate of increase in soil salinity in raised beds was significantly lower than that of flat land. On an average, raised bed planting produced 13.04% higher tuber yield than flat land planting. The combination of raised bed + recommended fertilizer (RF) with cowdung @ 5 t ha^-1 as IPNS+ straw mulch (@ 3.5 t ha^-1) produced the highest tuber yield in both the years (average 21.66 t ha^-1) and it was 75.10% higher than flat planting system with no mulch. This treatment combination also provided the highest average gross margin (Tk. 115945 ha^-1) and BCR (2.26). Besides, combination of raised bed + RF+25% K+ straw mulch provided average tuber yield (20.91 t ha^-1), gross margin (Tk. 110969 ha^-1) and BCR (2.25), which were very close to above treatment combination. The lowest average potato yield (12.51 t ha^-1), gross margin (Tk. 39835 ha^-1) and BCR (1.50) were obtained from combination of flat land planting + RF +no mulching. So, combination of raised bed + mulching+ RF along with IPNS basis cowdung @ 5 tha^-1 or 25% extra K can help minimize soil salinity and produce significantly higher potato yield in the coastal areas.

Keywords: Coastal area, Soil salinity, Raised bed, Tlat land, Mulching, Potato

Location: At farmers’ field of Charfashion upazila under Bhola district under AEZ-18

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Potato, Water management

Objectives:

The experiment was undertaken to find out improved management practices to reduce the adverse effect of soil salinity for maximizing yield of potato as well as farmers’ income in coastal areas of Bhola district.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field of Charfashion upazila under Bhola district under AEZ-18 in the rabi season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The land type was medium highland with soil salinity 2.43 and 2.16 dSm^-1 at the time of planting in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, respectively. The treatments comprise of planting method P1: Raised bed and P2: Flat land and four management practices, viz., M1: recommended fertilizer (RF) for potato production, M2: RF + straw mulch (3.5 t ha^-1), M3: RF + 25% K + straw mulch (3.5 t ha^-1) and M4: RF with cowdung @ 5 t ha^-1 in IPNS + straw mulch (3.5 t ha^{- 1}). Potato variety was BARI Alu-7 (Diamant) and sowing date was 30 November 2015 and 05 December 2016, respectively. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block (RCB) design with six replications. Unit plot size was 4 m × 5 m. Recommended fertilizers (RF) for potato was 115-30- 125-19-3.5-1.7 N-P-K-S-Zn-B kgha^-1 (FRG, 2012). Raised beds were made at the time of potato planting and beds were covered with rice straw (3.5 t ha^-1) mulch just after planting. Whole tuber of ‘A’ grade was planted at a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm. Hand weeding was done twice at 20 and 45 days after planting. Furadan (Carbofuran) 5G @ 20 kg ha^-1 was applied at the time of final land preparation for controlling cut warm. Single light irrigation was done at 38 days after planting. Secure @ 2g Lit^-1 water was sprayed twice at 52 and 63 days after planting as a preventive measure against late blight infestation due to foggy weather. Soil salinity of the experimental plots was recorded at 15 days interval from planting to harvest of potato. It started on 30 November and ended on 01 March both the years. Soil samples were also collected before planting and after harvest of potato to determine the nutrient status of the experimental plots’ soil. Harvesting was done on 20 March 2016 and 23 March 2017. Yield and yield components data of potato and cost of all inputs and operations were recorded. Economic performance was also calculated. Data were analyzed following the computer program MSTAT-C (Freed, 1985).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 655-668, December 2018 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Crop production in the coastal saline areas particularly during Rabi season (dry season) is very limited due to rise in soil salinity. From this study it is revealed that, raised bed and mulching (with rice straw) both minimizes rise in soil salinity significantly. Besides, use of cowdung or extra amount of potassium (K) with recommended fertilizers along with raised bed and mulching helps to reduce soil salinity and increased crop yield. Thus treatment comprised of raised bed + mulching + recommended fertilizers with cowdung (5 tha-1 as IPNS) or 25% additional K produced higher yield of potato in coastal saline environment. Farmers of coastal saline areas of Bhola district can adopt the technology for higher yield and economic return from potato.

Knowledge Management: Journal