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Seed Health of Stored Lentil Collected from Major Lentil Growing Areas of Bangladesh

J. A. Mahmud
Senior Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. Ahmed
Professor
Agrotechnology Discipline, School of Life Science, Khulna University, Bangladesh.

S. K. Adhikary
Professor
Agrotechnology Discipline, School of Life Science, Khulna University, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jashore using 126 lentil seed samples collected from farmer’s store of different lentil growing areas of Bangladesh to determine physical status and fungal association with lentil seeds. The collected seeds contained different varieties and locations. The seeds were grouped into four grades according to physical status. Among the varieties the maximum apparently healthy seed i. e. grade-1 was found in BARI Masur-7 (90.92 %) and the minimum was in local (59.34 %) varieties. In respect of location the maximum grade-1 seed was recorded from Madaripur (90.75 %) and minimum in Kushtia (47.67 %) district. Germination percentage was the highest in BARI Masur-7 (94.00 %) and the lowest in BARI Masur-3 (75.42 %) variety. Among districts, the highest germination was found in seeds of Meherpur (89.83 %) and the lowest in Narail (62.97 %). A linear positive relation was found between percent germination and apparently healthy seed in case of both varieties and locations. Six fungal genera were associated with lentil seed samples viz. Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Stemphylium sp., Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus niger caused highest infection (17.58 %) followed by Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria tennuis, Stemphylium botryosum, Curvularia lunata, Penecillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus paraciticus and Aspergillus candidus and the lowest (4.67 %) by Aspergillus ocraceous. Average association of fungi was the highest in local variety (3.27 %) and it was the lowest in BARI Masur-7 (0.50 %).

Keywords: Lentil seed, Fungal association, Germination, Bangladesh.

Location: Plant Pathology laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jashore

Start Date: 01-03-2012

End Date: 30-04-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases and insects

Objectives:

The aim of the research work was to determine health status and fungal incidence in farmers’ stored lentil seed from major lentil growing regions of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Plant Pathology laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jashore.

Collection of seed samples
Seed samples were collected from the farmers of Mid-Western region covering intensively lentil growing districts of Bangladesh. Collection of seed samples was done from 1 March to 30 April 2012 directly from the store of the farmer. Lentil seeds were collected from 63 upazillas under 12 districts of Bangladesh such as Jashore, Jhenidah, Magura, Narail, Rajbari, Faridpur, Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Shariatpur, Chuadanga, Meherpur and Kushtia. Two samples from each upazila i.e., 126 working seed sample were collected from the farmers who had about one acre of lentil field and used own stored seed for sowing. The samples were collected directly from the storage of the farmers according to ISTA (1999) rules. Each sample was 250-300 g and the samples were enclosed in polythene bags with proper labeling and kept in the refrigerator at 5±1⁰C.
Dry inspection test
Dry inspection test was carried out according to ISTA (2001). A working seed sample of 400 seeds was drawn from each of the 126 samples. The seed samples were inspected visually under magnified hand lens and under steriobinocular microscope. The seeds were checked and grouped into four different grades following a standard grading scale such as Grade-1= Apparently healthy seed, Grade-2= Shriveled seed, Grade-3= Discolored seed and Grade-4= Broken seed. The graded seeds were separated using hand lens and stereo-binocular microscope and the data were expressed in percentage.

Germination test and blotter incubation test
The germination test was conducted during 11 August to 22 December 1013. The germination of the seeds was determined following blotter incubation test. Four hundred seeds were taken randomly from all the seed samples. The seeds were placed on three-layered moistened blotting paper in sterilized glass petridish (9 cm) using sterilized forceps and each petridish contained 25 seeds. The petridish were kept at room temperature under natural light and darkness for seven days. The germination was counted after seven days of incubation. The associations of different fungi in lentil seed were also detected by blotter incubation method (ISTA, 2001). At that time, petridishes were observed under stereo-binocular microscope for observing the seed-borne mycoflora and also observed under compound microscope for confirmation. For the confirmation of identification, pure culture was prepared and studied under compound microscope. Pathogenicity test was also done of major fungi found from blotter incubation method (Ramanath et. al., 1970, Neergaard, 1974). The association of fungi were counted and expressed in percentage.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 59-68, March 2019 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present investigation reveal that variable associations of different fungi exist in various varieties of lentil seeds which is preserved by the farmers for next year sowing. BARI Masur-7 shows lower fungal association than other varieties and more associations were found in local and old varieties. It indicated that the seeds of latest varieties were more tolerant against fungal infection. In blotter incubation test six fungal genera were detected in lentil seeds such as Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Stemphylium sp., Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Five species of Aspergillus viz. A. niger, A. flavus, A. ocraceous, A. paraciticus and A. candids were detected in seeds of lentil. Six fungal pathogens from 16 lentil seed samples collected from farmer’s store of Meherpur by other authors and found lower germination percentage in case of lower percentage of apparently healthy seeds (Hasan et al., 2010). Sarkar et al. (2010) recorded eight fungal species under six genera in lentil seeds. Similarly, Dev et al. (2002), El-Nagerabi and Elshafie (2001) and Javed et al. (2000) also identified 6, 7 and 9 fungal genera from lentil seed. Based on findings of the present study, it may be concluded that prevalence of higher apparently healthy seed may give higher germination percentage and lower fungal infection.

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