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Chitosan and Yeast Elicitor in Suppressing Seed-borne Fungi of Cucurbitaceous Vegetables

Farzana Haque Tumpa
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Zahangir Alam
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Kawsar Hossen
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh

Md. Atiqur Rahman Khokon
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted under laboratory condition to examine the efficacy of Chitosan and Yeast Elicitor to suppress the growth of seed-borne fungi of cucurbitaceous vegetables. Seeds of bottle gourd, sweet gourd, snake gourd, wax gourd and cucumber were collected from seed traders of Mymensingh districts and different seed borne fungi were isolated, purified and identified. Fourteen fungal species belonging to twelve genera consisting of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma exigua, Rhizopus stolonifer, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium spp., Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Cercospora spp. and Alternaria alternata were isolated and identified. Four concentrations of Chitosan and Yeast Elicitors solutions (200, 500, 1000 & 2000 ppm) including one positive control Vitavax-200 WP (0.35%) were evaluated for controlling seed-borne fungi. Among the seed treating agents Chitosan (2000 ppm) and Yeast Elicitor (2000 ppm) showed better performance in suppressing the seed-borne fungi. Chitosan (2000 ppm) showed superior performance than Yeast Elicitor (2000 ppm). Results from the present study revealed that application of elicitors as seed treatment is a potential alternative of chemical fungicide for selective vegetables.

Keywords: Chitosan, Yeast elicitor, Cucurbits, Seed-borne fungi, Seed priming

Location: Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensigh-2202

Start Date: 00-10-2015

End Date: 00-11-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungicide

Objectives:

The objective of the research was to know the potentiality of chitosan and yeast elicitor in suppressing seed-borne fungi isolated from bottle gourd, sweet gourd, snake gourd, wax gourd and cucumber.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Biosignaling, Bioactive Compounds and Bio formulation, Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic (PDDC), Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensigh-2202 during the period from October, 2015 to November, 2016. Seeds of bottle gourd, sweet gourd, snake gourd, wax gourd and cucumber were collected from the farmers of Mymensingh districts. These seeds were stored in ziplock bags in refrigerator for further studies. Blotter method was followed according to ISTA rules for seed health testing (ISTA, 2006) for detection of seed-borne fungi. After 7 days each individual incubated seed was observed under stereo-binocular microscope at 16x and 25x magnifications in order to record the incidence of seed borne fungi. For proper identification of fungi, temporary slides were prepared from the fungal colony and observed under compound microscope and identified with the help of keys suggested by Ellis (1971) and Neergard (1979). For Chitosan (0.3% solution) preparation, 3g Chitosan was dissolved in concentrated (98%) acetic acid diluted by water to a volume of 1000 mL and 3000 ppm Chitosan stock solution was prepared. From the stock solution 200 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm & 2000 ppm chitosan solutions were prepared. For Yeast Elicitor (0.3% solution) preparation, Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was cultured in YEPDA broth (Yeast extract 1%, Peptone 2% and Dextrose 2%). Erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) having all the ingredients was incubated with shaking on an orbital platform shaker at 30^oC and 140 rpm for 72 hrs for collecting filtrate from the yeast. After 72 hrs the broth was filtrated and filtrate were collected and mixed with ethanol solution following the key of Ari and Cakir (2009). By this procedure 3000 ppm Yeast Elicitor stock solution was prepared. From the stock solution 200 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm & 2000 ppm Yeast Elicitor solution were prepared. Seeds were dipped in respected Chitosan and Yeast Elicitor solution for 2 hrs at room temperature and then seeds were placed in Blotting Paper following ISTA rules for seed testing (ISTA, 2006). As a positive control, seed treatment with Vitavax-200 WP was carried out following the method of Islam et al. (2001). Statistical analysis The data were analyzed following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications by using the M-STAT C statistical software.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(2): 187–192, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37959

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Chitosan and Yeast Elicitor are potential compounds for priming of seed to control seed borne fungi of Cucurbits. Chitosan and yeast elicitor are bio-polymers and not harmful for ecosystem and completely safe for human health. Therefore, application of chitosan and yeast elicitor can be utilized as seed- treating bio-polymer in replace to chemical pesticides. The effectiveness of these products should also be assessed against seed borne fungi of cucurbits for their commercial application.

Knowledge Management: Journal