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Efficacy of Different Management Practices Against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

M. M. Kamal
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

S. Das
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

M. H. Sabit
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

D. Das
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different management practices to control tomato fruit borer (TFB) under field condition. The field experiment was carried out with eight treatments, namely Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Fish and Fermented Gur (brown sugar), Netting, Chlorpyriphos, Emamectin Benzoate and Cartap along with untreated control in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and each treatment was replicated thrice. The study was under taken during the period from 25 October, 2017 to 06 April 2018. Data were collected on number and weight of total fruits plot^-1, number and weight of total healthy fruits plot^-1, number and weight of total infested fruits plot^-1, fruits infestation (%) in number and weight, infestation reduction over control for number and weight, number of holes, and larvae plot^-1, total yield plot^-1 and marketable yield plot^-1. Among the different management practices, netting provided the highest infestation reduction over control. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (number basis) was the highest in Netting treated plot resulting 61.87%, 73.27%, 84.68% and 92.70% at four different harvests, respectively. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (weight basis) was the highest with the same treatment resulting 61.38%, 74.26%, 88.41% and 91.71% at four different harvests, respectively. The number of holes plot^-1was also the lowest in Netting treated plot resulting 5.00, 8.00, 15.33 and 8.67 at four different harvests, respectively. The number of larvae plot^-1 was the lowest with the same treatment resulting 2.00, 2.33, 3.67 and 3.00 at four different harvests, respectively. The maximum marketable yield (33.95 t ha^-1) was achieved in the Emamectin Benzoate treated plot with the highest (1.46) benefit cost ratio.

Keywords: Tomato fruit borer, Infestation reduction, Management practices, Effectiveness

Location: Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Start Date: 25-10-2017

End Date: 06-04-2018

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of some management practices against TFB and to select the cost effective management practices.

Methodology:

Experimental site and climatic condition: The experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna (22°47′57.84″N 89°31′53.48″E), Bangladesh belonging to the Agro-ecological Zone “AEZ-13” (Ganges Tidal Floodplain) during 25 October, 2017 to 06 April 2018. The site was characterized by moderately high temperature and heavy rainfall during kharif season (April- October) and scantly rainfall with moderately low temperature during rabi season (November-March). Raising of seedlings, setting experiment and transplanting: The seed of BARI Tomato 14 was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and seedling was raised in germplasm centre of Khulna University. Tomato seedling was raised in seedbed of 3m×1m size. Weeding, mulching and irrigation were done when required. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The entire experimental plot was divided into 3 blocks each containing 8 units plots. In total there were 24 unit plots. The treatments were randomly assigned to each unit plot so as to allot one treatment once in each block. The unit plots were 2.5m×2m with 50 cm distance between the blocks and 40 cm between the unit plots. Each plot had 15 plants. Organic amendments and Chemical fertilizers were applied in the field as recommended by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (Anonymous, 2005). Healthy seedlings were uprooted from the seedbed and were transplanted in the experimental plots. Immediately after planting, the seedlings were watered. Seedlings were also planted around the experimental field for gap filling. Preparation of fish and gur fermentation: For preparing fish and fermented gur(brown sugar), 500 g gur and 1 kg small fish mixed properly in a plastic container. Then, the mixed substances kept for 30 days in air tight container for fermentation. Netting: For this study the plots of the blocks were covered with net houses measuring 2.50 m length, 2.0 m width and 1.50 m height. Treatment application: The treatments, namely control (only water), Neem oil @ 4ml l^-1of water at 7 days interval, Mahogany oil @ 4ml l^-1of water at 7 days interval, Gur fermentation @ 10 ml l^-1of water at 7 days interval, Netting, Chlorpyriphos @ 2 ml l^-1of water at 7 days interval, Emamectin Benzoate @ 1g l^-1 of water at 7 days interval and Cartap @ 2 g l^-1 of water at 7 days interval were applied as foliar sprays starting from 35 days after transplanting. Care was taken to avoid drifting of treatment to neighboring plots.No pest control technique was applied in untreated control plots except an equal volume of water, which was used for other plots, was sprayed at 7 days interval.After transplanting of seedlings, weeding, irrigation were accomplished for better growth and development of the plants. After 15 days of transplanting a single healthy seedling per pit was allowed to grow. To support the individual seedling propping was done with bamboo stick and tied them with jute rope. Harvesting and data collection: Harvesting of fruits was started from16th March and continued up to 6th April with an interval of 7 days. Harvesting was usually done manually. In order to observe the effects of the treatments on controlling TFB, data were collected on number and weight of total fruits plot^-1, number and weight of total healthy fruits plot^-1, number and weight of total infested fruits plot^-1, fruits infestation (%) in number and weight, infestation reduction over control in number and weight, no. of holes and larvae plot-1, total yield plot^-1 and marketable yield plot^-1, cost of production, gross return and benefit cost ratio (BCR). BCR was calculated by the ratio between gross return of a management practices and total cost of production of those management practices ha^-1. Data analysis: The collected data were analyzed statistically for analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the help of Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) 2.0.1 software where the means were separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 339-353, June 2019 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present study revealed that all the management practices namely Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Fish + Fermented Gur, Netting, Chlorpyriphos, Emamectin Benzoate and Cartap had considerable action against the tomato fruit borer, of which Netting showed the highest performance in reducing infestation over control compared to other management practices. Emamectin Benzoatewas found highly effective against tomato fruit borer and provided higher economic yield.

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