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Control of Seed Borne Fungi on Tomato Seeds and Their Management by Botanical Extracts

Imam Mehedi
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Afia Sultana
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Amanut Ullah Raju,
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seed health test was done in laboratory to determine the status of seed borne fungi on seeds of five tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties viz. Manik, Ratan, Roma VF, Kopotakkho and Monirumpuri and their possible control by using plant extracts. A total of 4 genera of 3 species of fungi were recorded where Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent and predominant seed borne fungus (25.60%). Other three fungal species are Aspergillus sp. of Aspergillus flavus (21.70%) and Aspergillus niger (11.11%) and Cladosporium sp. (13.49%). Tomato seeds were treated with different plant leaf extracts namely Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamanda with different doses viz. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 to control the seed borne fungi. In treated seeds, germination was ranged from 72-82% which was 68% in controlled condition. Among the doses of three botanicals, Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamonda extract @ (1:1 w/v) showed significant performance in controlling seed borne fungi and germination of tomato seeds. Among the three botanicals, Mahogany @ (1:1 w/v) was found the best treatment regarding percent reduction of seed borne infection.

Keywords: Seed borne fungi, Tomato, Botanical extract, Control

Location: Seed Pathology Center (SPC) and Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To assess the presence of pathogenic fungi on tomato seeds and the possibility of controlling these pathogens using botanical extracts.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Center (SPC) and Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Collection of seed samples: Seeds of five tomato seed varieties viz. Manik, Ratan, Roma VF, Kapatakkho and Monirampuri were collected from commercial seed shops of Mymensingh sadar upazilla. The seeds were kept in brown paper bags and stored in the refrigerator at 5⁰C, till the seeds were used for the subsequent studies. Seed health test: Seed health test was done by blotter method following the rules of International Seed Testing Association (ISTA, 1996). In this method, three pieces of filter paper (Whatman no.1) were soaked in sterilized water and placed at the bottom of 9 cm diameter glass petridish. Four hundred seeds from each sample were taken randomly and then placed on the moist filter paper at the rate of 25 seeds per plate. The petridishes with the seeds were then incubated at 25±2°C. Seeds produced both plumule and radical after incubation were considered as sprouted seeds. The result was expressed as percentage. Identification of seed borne fungi on tomato seeds: Incubated seeds were observed under stereomicroscope at 16x and 25x magnification. The incidence of seed borne fungi was detected by observing their growth characters on the incubated seeds on blotter paper following keys outline by Khan (1998). Temporary slides were prepared from the fungal colony and observed under compound microscope. The fungi were identified with the help of keys suggested by Ellis (1976) and Neergaard (1979). Preparation of plant extracts: For the investigation antifungal effect of plant extract, plant samples such as Mahogany seeds, Mehendi and Allamanda leaves were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus. The collected plant parts were washed carefully in running tap water, dried and weighed by electric balance. Mahogany seed, Mehendi leaf and Allamanda leaf extracts were prepared by grinding in mortar and pastle. Then 1ml, 2ml and 3ml of distilled water were added, respectively with 1 gram of plant material to prepare plant extracts having 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 doses (weight/volume). The crushed materials were filtered through cheese cloth. Treatments: A total of 10 treatments (nine botanicals and one control); were used. Those are as follows, To = Control, T ₁ = Mahogany @ (1:1) w/v, T ₂ = Mahogany @ (1:2) w/v, T₃ = Mahogany @ (1:3) w/v, T₄ = Mehendi @ (1:1) w/v, T₅ = Mehendi @ (1:2) w/v, T₆ = Mehendi @ (1:3) w/v, T₇ = Allamanda @ (1:1) w/v, T₈ = Allamanda @ (1:2) w/v, T₉ = Allamanda @ (1:3) w/v. Seed treatment with plant extracts: Tomato seeds were treated in each dilution (1:1) w/v, (1:2) w/v and (1:3) w/v of each three plant extracts - Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamanda. Seed samples of tomato were dipped in each extract contained one petridishes at different dilution for one hour. Then the plant extract was drained out from the petridish. The treated seeds were shade dried on blotting papers for one hour. A set of control was maintained by dipping the seeds in tap water. After incubation, germination and seed borne fungi were observed. Data analyses: The experiment was designed under Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The recorded data on various parameters under the present study were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C statistical-package program. The level of significance and analysis of variance along with the Least Significance Difference (LSD) were done according to Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 3, No. 3, December 2016: 403-410

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Fusarium oxysporum is reported to be one of the most predominant seed borne as well as soil borne pathogen which can cause reduction in germination by triggering root rot and wilt of tomato. Seed borne pathogen infected the seed from seedling germination to yield formation and transmitted to the seed again. Emphasis should be undertaken for further research with more representative seed samples of different varieties of tomato collected from various tomato growing areas in order to unveil the extract picture of seed borne pathogens and their best control measures by plant extracts. Incorporating Mahogany, Mehendi and Allamanda extracts in the IPM system of Bangladesh can save huge amount of foreign currency and keep the environment pollution free.

Knowledge Management: Journal