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Status of Anthelmintic Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Organized Sheep and Goat Farms

Saiful Islam
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Anita Rani Dey
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Shirin Akter
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Hiranmoy Biswas
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Mohammad Zahangir Alam
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anthelmintic resistance has become a global problem that threatens livestock production worldwide. The present study was investigated the status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of small ruminants in two organized sheep and goat farms in two different areas of Bangladesh by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) for albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. In each farms, naturally infected animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals. Fecal samples from each group were collected on day 0 and day 14 of post treatment to measure the eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The fecal samples of each group before and after treatment were also considered for culture to identify resistant parasite. In case of organized sheep farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 90.17, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 97.82 and 55.68, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 98.25 and 96.77, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.79, 85.12 and 99.11, 88.31, respectively. In case of organized goat farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 0 and 0, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 97.99 and 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.59, 90.28 and 0, 0 respectively. The results revealed that gastrointestinal nematodes were found to be resistant to albendazole in organized sheep farm and suspected to be resistant to levamisole and ivermectin. In organized goat farms, the GI nematodes found to be susceptible to all anthelmintics used for this study. Coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp. were resistant parasite in sheep farm. This seems to be the first documentation of anthelmintic resistance against GI nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms in Bangladesh. Appropriate measures need to be taken to overcome the situation.

Keywords: Anthelmintic resistance, Sheep, Goat farms.

Location: Organized sheep farm of Tarail upazila at Kishoregonj district and an organized goat farm of Gopalpur upazila at Tangail district

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat, Sheep

Objectives:

To find out the existence of anthelmintic resistance in organized sheep and goat farms.

Methodology:

Experimental animals- The study was carried out on an organized sheep farm of Tarail upazila at Kishoregonj district and an organized goat farm of Gopalpur upazila at Tangail district. The farm had a history of irregular deworming and no fixed regimes of deworming were followed. At the time of the start of the experiment there had been no history of deworming in the previous 12 weeks. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)- FECRT was performed according to the guidelines of World Association for Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (Coles et al., 1992). The study was conducted on a total of forty animals in each farm. All selected animals had fecal egg counts of more than 200 per gram of feces (epg). The animals were divided into four groups (Groups A, B, C and D) of ten animals each, irrespective of age, sex and weight. Group A, B and C were treated with albandazole (Almex^® 600mg, Square Pharmaceuticals) at a dosage rate of 7.5mg/kg body weight orally, levamisole (Endex^®, Elanco Pharmaceuticals) at a dosage rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally and ivermectin (Inj. Vermic^®, Techno Drugs Pharmaceuticals) at a dosage rate 0.2mg/kg body weight subcutaneously, where Group D was kept as the untreated control. Fecal samples were collected from each experimental animal individually in separate plastic containers on day 0 and day 14 post-treatment. The samples were brought to the laboratory and processed for EPG determination using a modified McMaster technique (Coles et al., 1992). Resistance to a particular classes of anthelmintic was considered to be present if the percentage reduction in egg count was less than 95% and also the 95% confidence was less than 90%. If only one of the two criteria was met out, the resistance was classed as suspected. The data were analyzed statistically as described by (Coles et al., 1992). Pooled fecal culture samples from each group considered for culture on days 0 and 14 post treatment and larvae were collected using the standard Barman’s apparatus. The larvae were identified according to the keys and description of Taylor et al. (2007).

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2018, 4 (4), 378-382; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40110

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance of GI nematodes in small ruminants continues to increase. The present study was performed to assess the status of AR of GI nematodes in sheep and goat farms by FECRT. Multiple anthelmintic resistances was found in sheep farm and Haemonchus spp. was the resistance parasites. The present study suggested that rotational use of different groups of anthelmintics would be helpful to prevent AR. Hence, there is need for the use of molecular technologies particularly PCR-based detection of AR dealing with identification of particular alleles may help to provide clear information on AR.

Knowledge Management: Journal