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Source-sink Manipulation on Yield Contributing Characters and Yield of Sesame (sesamum Indicum L.)

MHK Howlader
Department of of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

SK Bain
Department of of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

MM Hasan
Department of of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

ABMMM Khan
Department of of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

S Biswa
Department of of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Source-sink manipulation may improve light interception into the canopy and reduce the competition between vegetative and reproductive sinks during seed filling period, and may help in achieving higher yield. So, an effort was made to assess the effect of source-sink manipulation on yield contributing characters and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design consisted of two varieties of sesame viz.Binatil-3 and Local-Black and five levels of source-sink manipulation viz.control (M₀), removal of lower empty leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence (M₁), removal of top of the inflorescence (M₂), removal of all branches and removal of lower empty leaves (M₃) and lower empty branches (M₄) with three replications. Source-sink manipulations were imposed during capsule development stage (50 days after emergence). Results revealed that the higher number of capsules plant^-1 (16.17), seeds capsule^-1 (53.27), maximum 1000-seed weight (2.72 g), higher seed capsule wall ratio (2.52), seed yield plant^-1 (2.35 g), yield (938.96 kg ha^-1) and harvest index (36.40%) were produced by the modern variety Binatil-3 than the traditional variety Local-black. Source-sink manipulation showed positive response to yield attributes compared with control. Maximum seeds capsule^-1 (57.13), 1000-seed weight (2.92 g), higher seed capsule wall ratio (2.71), seed yield plant^-1 (2.78 g) and yield (1110.96 kg ha^-1) were found from removal of lower empty leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence (M₁). Yield was increased by 71.77%, 46.88%, 8.52% and 22.45% due to M₁, M₂, M₃ and M₄ manipulation. Although all the source-sink manipulation treatments gave higher yield in their respective variety, the highest (1258.63 kg ha^-1 and 125.04%) yield was obtained when lower leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence of the variety Binatil-3 were removed i.e. from V₁M₁ treatment. Therefore, Binatil-3 with removal of lower empty leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence manipulation was the best treatment in respect of yield and yield contributing characters of sesame.

Keywords: Source-sink, Seseame, Growth, Yield, Binatil-3

Location: Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-03-2015

End Date: 00-06-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sesame

Objectives:

1. To find out the optimum source-sink manipulation of sesame varieties;

2. To study the yield and yield attributes of varieties of sesame and

3. To evaluate the effect of source-sink manipulation on the dry matter production and yield performance of sesame.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Agricultural botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period of March 2015 to June 2015. The geographical location of experiment was 22.26⁰N latitude and 90.22⁰E longitude at an elevation of 1.5 m above the sea level. The experimental field was characterized by subtropical climate. Moderately high temperature and heavy rainfall during the kharif season (April- September) and low rainfall with moderately low temperature during the rabi season (October-March). The experimental field was medium high land with silty clay textured soil belonging to the Ganges Tidal Flood Plain (AEZ 13) in coastal non-saline zone of Bangladesh. Soil pH value was 6.9. The organic matter content was found 0.85%. Deficiency of N is acute and widespread. Status of exchangeable K is almost satisfactory. Treatments- One modern variety (Binatil-3) and one traditional cultivar (Local-Black) with five levels of source-sink manipulation viz.control (M₀), removal of lower empty leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence (M₁), removal of top of the inflorescence (M₂), removal of all branches and removal of lower empty leaves (M₃) and lower empty branches (M₄) were the treatments variable. The experiment was laid out in two factors RCBD with 3 replications. The size of unit plot was 3 m x 3 m. The total number of treatments was (2 variety × 5 levels of source-sink manipulation) 10 and the number of plots were 30. The treatments were randomly assigned in each replication. Each unit plot and block was separated from each other by 50 cm and 1m, respectively. Fertilization- Cowdung at the rate of 10 tons per hectare was applied during land preparation. Other fertilizers at the rate of 40 kg N, 65 kg P₂O₅, 60 kg K₂O and 20 kg S per hectare in the form of Urea, Triple Super Phosphate, Muriate of Potash and Gypsum respectively were applied at the time of final land preparation (Source- Fertilizer recommendation guide, FRG, 2012). All plots were given 9 kg, 36g, 59g, 54g and 18g as cowdung, N, P₂O₅, K₂O and S, respectively. All fertilizers were incorporated into the soil as broadcast before sowing of seeds. Additional quantity of 40 kg N per hectare (36g/plot) was top dressed during flower initiation in the form of Urea. Sowing of seeds and intercultural operation- Seeds were sown on March 07, 2015 in solid lines. Three to five seeds were sown per hill. Missing hills were sown with seeds to maintain desired plant population.The crop was always kept under careful observation. To ensure and maintain the normal growth and development of the crop intercultural operations viz. weeding, thinning, irrigation and drainage were done at proper time. Imposition of source-sink manipulation- The source-sink manipulation treatments were imposed by removing the designated source-sink organs with scissors at capsule development stage (50 days after emergence, DAE). Observation and statistical analysis- The crop was harvested from an area of 1m² from each plot. The data on agronomic parameters and yield components of sampled plants were recorded. The harvested plants were segmented into components such as straw (leaf, branch and stem together) and seed. Data were compiled and tabulated in proper form for statistical analysis. The recorded data on various plant characters were statistically analyzed using ‘Analysis of variance technique’ with the help of STAR (Statistical Tools for Agricultural research, IRRI, 2014) and the mean difference were adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 1-9, 2018

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Achievement/Findings:

Binatil-3 with the removal of lower leaves, lower empty branches and top of the inflorescence (V₁M₁) was the best treatment in respect of yield and yield contributing characters of sesame. Experimental results suggested that under ideal growth conditions in sesame, some of the lower leaves overlap one another and develop mutual shading and become parasitic during seed filling period. Source-sink manipulation may improve light interception into the canopy and result in a greater photosynthetic efficiency and as much as possible, reduces the competition between vegetative and reproductive sinks during seed filling period. These are the reasons why source-sink manipulation at seed development phase increased dry matter accumulation in reproductive sink as compared with control. The increased accumulation of photosynthetic to reproductive sink led to an increase in seed yield.

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