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Improving Salinity Tolerance in Transplanted Aman Rice (oryza Sativa L.) by Exogenous Application of Proline

Noor-Us-Sane
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dhiman Bhusan
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Papon Kumar Deb Nath
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Yoshiyuki Murata
Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama-8530, Japan

Md. Anamul Hoque
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity is the major factor reducing crop yield in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Proline (Pro) application with suitable crop varieties having higher yield potential could contribute to the improvement of crop production in saline areas. The main objective of this study was to investigate the mitigation of adverse effects of salinity in aman rice by exogenously applied Pro. The experiment was carried out at the farmer’s field of Batiaghata, Khulna. Characteristically, the soil was silty clay loam having pH 6.7, EC 4.6 dS m^–1, CEC 23 meq/100 g soil, organic matter 0.71%. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety BR23 was used as plant material. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were different treatment combinations namely control (no Pro), 25 mM Pro at seedling stage, 25 mM Pro at vegetative stage, 25 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages, 50 mM Pro at seedling stage, 50 mM Pro at vegetative stage, 50 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages, 100 mM Pro at seedling stage, 100 mM Pro at vegetative stages, and 100 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages. Recommended doses of N, P, K, S and Zn fertilizers were applied to the all experimental plots. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. Proline solutions were sprayed over plant leaves with the help of sprayer as per treatments. Salinity caused significant reductions in growth and yield of BR 23 by decreasing plant height, number of effective tillers, panicle length, filled grains panicle^-1 and 1000-grain weight. On the other hand, exogenous application of Pro showed a significant increase in growth and yield of BR 23 under saline conditions. Results also revealed that growth and yield of rice did not increase proportionally with the increasing doses of Pro. Proline application resulted in significant increases in K+/Na+ and nutrient uptake by rice under salinity. The present study suggests that exogenous application of Pro confers tolerance to salinity in aman rice by increasing K+/Na+ ratio and nutrient uptake.

Keywords: Proline, Salt stress, Nutrient uptake, K+/Na+ ratio, Aman rice

Location: At the farmer’s field of Batiaghata, Khulna belongs to the Agroecological Zone of the Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ 13)

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study aimed to investigate the mitigation of the adverse effects of salinity in aman rice by exogenously applied Pro at both seedling and vegetative stages.

Methodology:

Experimental site and soils The field experiment was carried out at the farmer’s field of Batiaghata, Khulna belongs to the Agroecological Zone of the Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ 13). Characteristically, the soil was silty clay loam having pH 6.7, EC 4.6 dS m^-1, CEC 23 meq/100 g soil and organic matter 0.71%. The experimental area is included into the tropical monsoon climate. There are three monsoon periods appear in this region. The monsoon period lasts from May to October. About 88% of the total rainfall is observed in this time. Hailstone also occurs during this time. Sometimes storms locally called Kalboishakhi are observed. Plant materials and treatments The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice variety BR23 was used as plant material. There were ten treatment combinations with different concentrations of Pro at seedling and vegetative stages like as T0 = Control (no Pro), T1 = 25 mM Pro at seedling stage, T2 = 25 mM Pro at vegetative stage, T3 = 25 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages, T4 = 50 mM Pro at seedling stage, T5 = 50 mM Pro at vegetative stage, T6 = 50 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages, T7 = 100 mM Pro at seedling stage, T8 = 100 mM Pro at vegetative stage, and T9 = 100 mM Pro at seedling and vegetative stages. Recommended doses of TSP, MoP, gypsum, and zinc sulphate were applied to all the experimental plots (4.0 m × 2.5 m) during final land preparation. Recommended dose of urea was applied in three splits. Thirty-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. Three seedlings per hill were placed at a spacing of 25 cm × 20 cm. Proline solutions were sprayed over plant leaves with the help of sprayer. The volume of the spray was 25 ml per plant at both seedling and vegetative stages. Tween-20 was used as a sticky substance which helps Pro solution’s droplet, maintaining a close contact with plant leaves. Other intercultural operations were done when necessary. Maturity of crop was determined when about 90% grains became golden yellow. The crop was harvested at full maturity. Chemical analysis of plant samples The representative grain and straw samples were dried in an oven at 65⁰C for about 24 hours before they were ground by a grinding machine. The prepared samples were stored in paper bags and finally kept into desiccators until analysis. The N, P, K, S and Na contents from grain and straw samples were determined following standard method as described by Khanam et al. (2001). Statistical analysis Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance with the help of software package MSTAT-C. The significant differences between mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences at P≤0.05 were considered significant.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(2): 194–199, 2019 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i2.41943

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Physiological stress due to salinity is the main cause reducing crop yields in coastal saline areas of Bangladesh. Exogenous application of Pro with suitable crop varieties having higher yield potential could contribute to the improvement of crop production in saline condition. Our experiment shows that salinity reduced growth and yield of rice. On the other hand, exogenous Pro increased growth and yield contributing characters of BR-23, resulting higher grain and straw yields of rice. The increased growth and yield of rice by Pro were accompanied with higher K+/Na+ ratio and uptake of nutrients. It can be concluded from the present study that Pro confers tolerance to salinity in aman rice due to increasing nutrient uptake, maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratio and probably enhancing antioxidant defense systems. However, further studies are required to find out the beneficial roles of exogenous Pro at reproductive stage under saline conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal