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Effect of Different Weed Management Techniques on the Performance of Wheat Cultivars

Fatema Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdus Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Kader
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Weed management in a sustainable way is the ultimate target of Agronomists to maximize crop yield per unit area. To develop a sustainable weed management technique, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of different weed management techniques on the performance of wheat cultivars. The experiment comprised three wheat cultivars; viz. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 and five weed management techniques namely, no weeding (W0), two hand weedings (HW) at 20 DAS and 40 DAS (W1), use of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^–1 (W2), use of pre emergence herbicide Panida @ 1 L ha^–1 (W3) and use of pre emergence herbicide + one hand weeding (HW) at 40 DAS (W4). The experiment was laid out in a splitplot design with three replications. The experimental plots were infested by different weed species. Annual weeds were outnumbered than perennial and constitute 84.74% against 15.26%, respectively. Among them, the five most dominant weed species based on the importance value in descending order were Polygonum orientale>Chenopodium album >Cynodon dactylon>Sonchus arvensis>Cyperus rotundus and rest of the weed species represent 8.94%. Wheat cultivar BARI Gom-29 produced the highest grain yield (3.44 t ha^–1). The highest grain yield (3.29 t ha^-1) was obtained from the application of pre emergence herbicide Panida @ 1 L ha^–1. But in case of interaction BARI Gom-29 in combination with use of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^-1 produced the highest grain yield (4.36 t ha^–1). The highest grain yield obtained due to highest number of total and effective tillers hill^-1 and highest number of grains spike^-1 in BARI Gom-29 with application of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^–1. From the results of the study it may be concluded that BARI Gom-29 with application of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^–1 technique appears to be the promising technology in controlling weeds as well as obtaining higher grain yield of wheat.

Keywords: Straw mulch; Pre emergence herbicide; Hand weeding; Wheat

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Weed management

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken (i) to find out the ability of cultivar on weed suppression and yield of wheat, (ii) to analyze the effect of weed management techniques on weed suppression and yield of wheat and (iii) to determine the influence of different weed management techniques on weed suppression and yield of wheat cultivars.

Methodology:

The experimental site belongs to the non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil (Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Soil Tract) under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro Ecological Zone-9. The experimental field was medium high land with loamy soil having pH value 6.5 and 1.027% organic matter. The experiment comprised three wheat cultivars viz; BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 and five weed management techniques namely no weeding (W0), two HW at 20 DAS and 40 DAS (W1), use of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^–1 (W2), use of pre emergence herbicide Panida @ 1 L ha^–1 (W3) and use of pre emergence herbicide + one HW at 40 DAS (W4). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where wheat cultivar were assigned to the main plot and weed management practices were assigned to the sub-plots. The unit plot size was 10 m² (4 m × 2.5 m). The experimental land was opened with a tractor drawn disc plough 15 days before sowing and fertilized with 200, 160, 50 and 112 kg ha^-1 urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. The entire amount of TSP, MoP and gypsum and one-third of urea were applied at the time of final land preparation. The rest amount of urea was top dressed at 20 and 40 DAS. Seeds were sown in line at the rate of 140 kg ha^-1 in furrows made by tine on 21 November 2016. Weeding was done as per weed management treatment and other necessary intercultural operations were done to ensure and maintain the normal growth of the crop. Data on weed density and dry weight were collected at 30 60 and 90 DAS. For determining weed density and dry weight, weeds were collected by using 0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrate. The quadrate was placed in four spots at random in each plot and all weeds inside the quadrate were collected and the number of weeds was counted. The average values were converted to number m^–2 multiplying by four. Then the weeds were dried first in the sun and thereafter in an electric oven maintaining a constant temperature of 80°C for 72. Oven dry weight was expressed in g m^-2.
I.V (%) = Dry Wt of each species in a community/ Dry Wt of all species in a community x 100
The crop of each plot was harvested at maturity on 21 March 2017. It was then carried to the threshing floor for processing. The crop was sun-dried for four days and then threshed and cleaned. Observations were made on plant height, number of total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^–1, spike length, number of total spikelets spike^–1, number of grains spike^–1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index. All the collected data were statistically analyzed and the mean differences were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(3): 437–443, 2018 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39414

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results of the study it may be concluded that BARI Gom-29 with application of rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha^–1 technique appears to be the promising technology in controlling weeds as well as obtaining higher grain yield of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal