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Evaluation of Different Premedicants in Canine Anaesthesia

AKM Muktadir Billah
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Sharmin Sultana
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Akhtar Hossain
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mirza Abul Hashim
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Tahmina Begum
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bayzer Rahman
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Maksudur Rashid
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fifteen experimental trials were made in fifteen dogs in three different groups to study the degree of sedation produced by different premedicants, to evaluate and to compare their effects on various clinical parameters including different reflexes in dogs. These animals were premedicated with xylazine (1.1mg/kg), atropine (0.05mg/kg)-xylazine (1.1mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2mg/kg)-xylazine (1.1mg/kg) to observe their effect on different clinical and anaesthetic parameters. Diazepam-xylazine combination produced deep sedation while mild sedation was recorded with atropine-xylazine premedication. Respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature significantly decreased (P<0.05) in dogs of all three groups after fifteen minutes of premedication. Diazepam-xylazine produced marked reduction (P<0.05) on clinical parameters while atropine-xylazine produced mild to moderate reduction (P<0.05) on clinical parameters in dogs. All experimental dogs in different groups were anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride after fifteen minutes of premedication. The respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature reduced significantly (P<0.05) in xylazine-ketamine, atropine- xylazine-ketamine and diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination at 5, 10 and 15 min after induction when compared with pre-induction control values. The longest duration of anaesthesia (61.6 minutes) was obtained with diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination while the shortest anaesthetic period (28.4 minutes) was observed in xylazine-ketamine combination. Diazepam-xylazine-ketamine combination produced longest recovery period (56.4 minutes) while the shortest recovery period (46.2 minutes) was observed with xylazine- ketamine combination. Atropine-xylazine-ketamine combination appears to be a safe combination for anaesthesia in dogs.

Keywords: Diazepam-xylazine, Atropine-xylazine, Ketamine, Hydrochloride, Anaesthesia

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Dog

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of premedication as an adjunct to anaesthesia in dogs.

Methodology:

Fifteen street dogs were captured from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh and its surrounding area. The dogs were of either sex and were apparently healthy at the time of experiment. Their body weights ranged from 14 to 22 kg with a median weight of 18 kg. These animals were divided into 3 groups consisting of 5 dogs in each group. The dog was controlled by squeezing in a restraining cage. Jaw of the dog was tied with a piece of gauze and then fastened around the neck. The hind limbs were tied together with a piece of gauze. Intramuscular injections were made in the gluteal muscle and intravenous injections in radial vein. A series of 15 experimental trials were made using 15 dogs in three different groups. Group I was anaesthetized with Xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.1 mg/kg IM and Ketamine hydrochloride @ 5.5 mg/kg IV. Group II was anaesthetized with Atropine sulphate @ 0.05 mg/kg IM, Xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.1 mg/kg IM and Ketamine hydrochloride @ 5.5 mg/kg IV. Group III was anesthetized with Diazepam injected @ 0.2 mg/kg IV, Xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.1 mg/kg IM and Ketamine hydrochloride @ 5.5 mg/kg IV. Respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, condition of pupil and position of eyeball were recorded prior to administration of any drug. These parameters along with different reflexes were also recorded at 5, 10, and 15 minutes of induction of anaesthesia. Respiration rate was recorded by visually counting the movements of abdomen over a period of one minute, heart rate by indirect auscultation of the heart, rectal temperature by inserting a clinical thermometer into the rectum. Palpebral reflex was observed by a gentle touch to the inner canthus of the eye with the tip of a cotton bud and the presence of reflex was indicated by closure of the eyelids. Pedal reflex was tested by needle pricking to the foot pad. Jaw reflex was evaluated subjectively by pulling the lower and upper jaw with the help of fingers. The presence of this reflex was detected by an immediate closure of the jaws after removing the fingers. Tail reflex was evaluated by needle pricking at the lower part of the tail. Student’s paired t-test was performed to compare the effect of different premedicants and anaesthetics at each of the assessment time were conducted by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) information for windows.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 4, No. 3, December 2017: 209-214.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, Atropine-xylazine-ketamine combination appears to be a safe combination for anaesthesia in dogs in all aspects.

Knowledge Management: Journal