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Screening of Barley Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Based on Culm Reserves Contribution to Grain Yield

Md. Masudul Karim
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Amirul Islam
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Rasel Rana
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

Md. Alamgir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Kader
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Grain filling determines the grain weight, a major component of grain yield in cereals. Grain filling in barley depends on current assimilation and culm reserves. A pot experiment was conducted at the Grilled House, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2015–May 2016 to study the grain filling patterns and the contributions of culm reserves to grain yield under drought stress. The experiment consisted of two factors—barley cultivars (six cultivars) and drought stress treatments (control and drought stress). Drought stress was imposed by limiting the irrigation during grain filling period. The tillers were sampled at anthesis, milk-ripe and maturity to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts, viz., leaf lamina, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The result in this experiment revealed that the grain yield was reduced by 5–25% due to drought stress. The reduction in grain yield was attributable to reduce number of grains per spike and lighter grain weight due to the stress. Drought stress drastically reduced the grain filling duration by about 30% and the stress induced early leaf senescence. Photosynthesis rate and leaf greenness were also reduced in stress. The stress altered the contribution of culm reserves, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) in culms to grains. At milk ripe stage, accumulation reached its peak. It accumulated 29.0 to 70.0 mg and from 15.8 to 40.6 mg culm⁻¹ in control and stressed plants, respectively. The residual culm WSCs ranged from 3.5 to 11.2 mg and 1.0 to 3.5 mg culm⁻¹ under control and stress conditions, respectively. The highest contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield was observed in BARI barley2 and the lowest was in BARI barley5 both in control and stress condition.. Among the cultivars studied, BARI barley2 produced higher yield with the higher contribution of culm reserves to grain yield under the drought stress.

Keywords: Grain Filling, Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSCs), Photosynthesis rate, Leaf greenness, Drought Stress, Barley

Location: Grilled House, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 25-11-2015

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Drought

Objectives:

In this research, screening and selection of barley genotypes were done in respect of accumulation and remobilization of culm reserves to grains under drought stress during grain filling.

Methodology:

Experimental materials: Six barley cultivars (BARI barley1, BARI barley2, BARI barley3, BARI barley4, BARI barley5, and BARI barley6) were used in this study. The seeds of barley genotypes were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and were sown on November 25, 2015 and crops were grown following the standard cultivation techniques (Mandal et al, 2011). Experimental factors: The experiment consisted of two factors; barley cultivars and drought stress. Drought stress was imposed during anthesis period by manipulating moisture content through irrigation. The level of drought stress was monitored by the tensiometers (Electronic tensiometer with hypodermic needle SMS 2500s) installed in control and stressed pots. Experimental design: In this study Complete randomized design (CRD) was followed with 3 replications. Sampling: The tillers in a pot showing anthesis at same day were tagged for sampling and all tagged tillers in a pot were sampled at anthesis, milk ripe and maturity. The date of anthesis was determined when the anthers extruded in 50% of the spikes in the field and the date of physiological maturity was the day when the grain attained its maximum weight. Estimation of leaf greenness and rate of photosynthesis: Leaf greenness and rate of photosynthesis were measured with a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502; Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., Osaka, Japan) and portable photosynthesis system (ADC Bioscientific Limited, UK) at different dates during grain filling period. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) was set at 150 µmol m−2 s−1 and rate of photosynthesis was measured from flag leaf.
Determination of water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) in culms The collected tillers were separated into culm with sheaths, leaf blades, and spikes, then dried for 48 h at 70 °C, and finally weighed separately. The culms with leaf sheaths were milled for the measurement of water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) using the anthrone method (Yemm and Willis, 1954) as described by Hossain et al., 2012. Contribution of culm reserves were calculated based on the remobilized WSCs from culm at milk ripe and at maturity. Data collection and statistical analysis The data on yield and its attributes of the cultivars were recorded and analyzed statistically using statistical package program MSTAT-C and MS office Excel program.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(1): 62–66, 2018 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36482

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

However, the accumulation and remobilization were largely influenced by the drought stress. Though the accumulation of culm reserves was greatly reduced by the stress but the remobilization was increased. The cultivars having ability to accumulate more culm reserves like BARI barley2 exhibited better in respect of grain yield under the stress. Similar experiments in multi-location may result more precise findings to validate the findings of this study.

Knowledge Management: Journal