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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Sorghum Crop Residues on Weed Management and Crop Performance of Wheat

F. Ahmed
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.R. Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.D. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

U.K. Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

D. Sarkar
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

D.N. Chadny
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues on weed management and crop performance of wheat. The experiment consisted of three varieties of wheat viz., BARI Gom-19, BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-24 and five different levels of treatments such as no use of aqueous extract, aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues: 1:20 ratio (w/v), 1:30 ratio (w/v), 1:40 ratio (w/v) and hand weeding. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seven weed species belonging to five families infested the experimental plots. Weed population, weed dry weight and percent inhibition of weed were significantly influenced by aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues and varieties. The maximum weed growth was noticed with the variety BARI Gom-19 and the minimum was found in the variety BARI Gom-21. The grain yield as well as the other yield contributing characters produced by BARI Gom-21 was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest percent inhibition for all of the weeds was found in hand weeding treatment. The second highest percent weed inhibition was occurred in aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues @ 1:20 ratio (w/v) treatment which was 51.81, 51.10, 52.90, 55.58, 75.27, 73.83 and 53.85 percent for bathua (Chenopodium album), mutha (Cyperus rotundus), durba (Cynodon dactylon), biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper), angta (Paspalum scrobiculatum), tit begun (Solanum torvum) and shama (Echinochloa crusgalli) respectively. The highest loss of grain yield was obtained where no aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues were used. The highest yield and yield attributes were observed where hand weeding is done followed by the application of aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues @1:20 ratio (w/v). Wheat var. BARI Gom-21 with all treatments produced the highest grain and straw yield among the treatment combination. The results of this study indicate that different amount of aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues showed potential activity to suppress weed growth and it has significant effect on the yield of wheat. Therefore, aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues might be used as an alternative way for weed management in effective and sustainable crop production.

Keywords: Wheat, Inhibition (%), Yield and harvest index. Sorghum, Biskatali, Bathua, Tit begun

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2016

End Date: 00-03-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the optimum dose of aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues for the establishment of an easy, economic and sustainable method for efficient weed management and better yield of wheat.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2016 to March 2017, located at 24°75' N latitude and 90°50' E longitude at an elevation of 18 m above the mean sea level characterized by non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil belonging to the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain, (AEZ-9). The soil of the experimental field was more or less neutral in reaction with pH value 6.8, low in organic matter and fertility level. The land type was medium high with silty loam in texture. The experiment consists of two factors including crop residues (5) i) No use of extract (control), ii) Aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues @ 1:20 ratio (w/v), iii) Aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues @ 1:30 ratio (w/v), iv) Aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues @ 1:40 ratio (w/v) and v) Hand weeding and wheat variety (3): i) BARI Gom-19 (Sourav) ii) BARI Gom-21 (Shatabdi) iii) BARI Gom-24 (Prodip). The seeds were sown on 21 November, 2016 as per treatment specifications. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Thus total numbers of plots were 45. Each plot size was (2 m x 2.5 m). The distance maintained between the individual plots was 0.5 m and the distance between the replication was 1.0 m. After collection, the crop residues were dried under shade in the covered threshing floor of Agronomy Field Laboratory of BAU. The studied crop residues were cut as small as possible by using sickle. The small pieces of sorghum crop residues were dipped into water for 24 hours and then collected the aqueous extract from residues. The prepared sorghum aqueous extract was applied two times (20 days and 40 days) after seed sowing by a hand sprayer and harvesting was done in 8^th march, 2017. Data were collected on the basis of different parameters of wheat and weeds. Among them percent inhibition shows the suppressing ability of aqueous extract of sorghum residues on weed. Inhibition (%) = Dry weight of weed at control - Dry weight of weed from treatment/Dry weight of weed at control x 100. Data were also collected from wheat on yield basis such as grain yield, straw yield, harvest index etc which showed the yield performance of wheat. The recorded data were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of computer package, MSTAT-C program. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 87-95

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i2.44497

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above results it was found that the wheat var. BARI Gom-21 with C₄ (hand weeding) treatment exhibited the superior effect and BARI Gom-21 with C₁ showed quite close result with it. Results of the present study reveal that application of aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues has positive effect on yield for most of the studied traits. It also shows that aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues have herbicidal activity for suppressing weed growth and there is immense prospect of sorghum crop residues as a weed management tool. Therefore, aqueous extract of sorghum crop residues could be a prospective source of weed control tool for crop production in modern agricultural science which minimizes cost of production, environmental pollution, unsafe agricultural production, human health concerns, soil sickness and depletion of crop diversity.

Knowledge Management: Journal