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Scenario of Insect Pests, Predators and Pollinators Associated with Crop Plants in In Agroforestry in Bangladesh

M.R. Mia
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.R. Amin
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur, Bangladesh

H. Rahman
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.G. Miah
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The abundance of insect pests, predators and pollinators and status of pest insects associated with citrus, mango and pineapple crops grown in an agroforestry in Bangladesh was studied during July 2015 to June 2016. Twenty five species of insects belonging to 19 families in 5 orders were found as pest of citrus and their relative abundance varied from 2.4 to 13.4%. Among the citrus pests, green leaf hopper was most abundant, but whitefly, mealy bug, lemon butterfly and leaf minor were found as major pests. Fifteen species of insects under 13 families in 6 orders were found as pests of mango and their relative abundance varied from 0.5 to 82.6%, and hopper and fruit fly were found as major pests. Four species of insects belonging to 4 families in 3 orders were found as pest of pineapple and their relative abundance varied from 12.2 to 44.9%, and all were found as minor pests. There were 20 species of predator insects belonging to 13 families in 6 orders and their abundance ranged from 0.8 to 2.5/ 40 sweeps. In total 19 species of insects belonging to 12 families in 4 orders were found as pollinators and their abundance varied from 1.7 to 5.1/40 sweeps. The ants and honeybees were most abundant as predators and pollinators, respectively.

Keywords: Agroforestry, Abundance, Insect Species, Citrus, Mango, Pineapple

Location: In the agroforestry field laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) at Gazipur

Start Date: 00-07-2015

End Date: 00-06-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Predator

Objectives:

In the present study, the abundance of insect pests, predators and pollinators, status of insect pests associated with citrus, mango and pineapple were taken into investigation.

Methodology:

Study site and condition The study was conducted in the agroforestry field laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) at Gazipur (25°25′ North latitude and 89°5′ East longitude) in Bangladesh during July 2015 to June 2016. The study site is surrounded by sal (Shorea robusta) forest. The climate of this area is characterized as dry during February to May, rainy from June to September, and cold from December to January. Annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures are 36.0oC and 12.7^oC, respectively, with 65.8% relative humidity and 237.6 cm rainfall. The agroforestry system is marked by different management intensity, grasslands, rice, fruit and vegetable crops. The area of the agroforestry is 2205 m², and occupied by citrus, pineapple and 45 mango trees (variety Amrapali); each 11 years old, 3-4 m high and 7m apart. Insect collection and identification The free-living insects on citrus, pineapple and mango plants were collected during the day using a 30 cm diameter sweep net having 1.5 mm mesh and attached with a 2.0 m long rod. Sweeping was done in between 10.00 and 11.30 hour of the day every two weeks interval and each sample consisted of 40 sweeps, encompassing an area from ground level to the top of the trees. Small and immobile insects were observed by collecting infested leaves. The collected insects and leaves were brought from the experiment field to the Entomology Laboratory of BSMRAU for counting total catch. The insects were killed by storing in a freezer for one night, then mounted on points and dried and morphotyped. During each sampling, sessile insects were observed and identified using hand lens on 40 leaves of each crop. Insects were identified by observing their morphological characteristics, compared with museum specimens and with photographs to species or genus level and also separated as pest, predator and pollinator. Assessment of pest status During insect collection, leaf, flower and fruit of citrus, mango and pineapple were observed for infestation (%) of different insect pests. Insects those caused less than 10% infestation were categorized as minor pest, while those with 10% or above infestation were categorized as major pests. Calculation of relative abundance and statistical analysis Relative abundance (%) of the pest species of citrus, mango and pineapple was calculated using the following formula:
Abundance (%) = Total number of individual of a species/ Total number of individual of different species x 100
One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc statistics was employed for analyzing the data of the predator and pollinator species. All the analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 21.0. (IBM SPSS statistics 21, Georgia, USA).

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 17(1): 13-22 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42758

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variation of the insect species abundance among pest, predator and pollinator in different countries and different regions of a country is due to climatic conditions, host plants and habitat management. In the present study, relative abundance of the insect pest species on citrus, mango and pineapple showed variation, and the abundance of predator and pollinator insect species also differed significantly. The predator and pollinator insects may have got secure habitat because of the presence of different plant species in the agroforestry system and they showed adequate abundance. Expansion of agroforestry technology could provide habitat for restoration of the beneficial insects, but information on the abundance and damage threshold of the insect pest species is very important prior to expand this technology in any locality. So, plant species combinations must be on the basis of least favorable conditions for the survival and multiplication of major pest species.

Knowledge Management: Journal