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Impact of Aluminium (al3+) Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Five Wheat Genotypes

S.C. Sarker
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S.R. Ghosh
Bangladesh Institutes of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.J. Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

R.C. Ghosh
Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh

S. Razia
Bangladesh Institutes of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

D.R. Sushmoy
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.M.A. Noor
Bangladesh Institutes of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A Petridish and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted at Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany and Agriculture Chemistry Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August to October 2011 to investigate the effect of aluminium on morphological characters and growth of wheat seedlings. The experiment comprised of two levels of aluminium concentrations viz., 0 µM (control) and 100 µM and five varieties viz; Kanchan, Shatabdi, Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). The experiment was laid out in two factors completely randomized design with three replications. Applications of 100 µM aluminium had a profound influence on hypocotyls and epicotyls length, germination percentages, and root shoot length, fresh and dry mass production in wheat. Results indicated that germination percentage, hypocotyls and epicotyls length, root and shoot length, leaf length, leaf sheath length, plant height, fresh and dry mass plant were greater in control than aluminium stress conditions. It revealed that wheat seedlings are susceptible to aluminium stress. However, among the varieties, the reduction of dry mass under aluminium stress was minimum in Shatabdi followed by Kanchan showed that Shatabdi was more tolerant to aluminium stress than the other varieties namely Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). Sufi and Sourav were more susceptible to aluminium stress.

Keywords: Hydrophonic Culture, Hypocotyl, Epicotyl, Aluminium Ions, Germination, Growth

Location: In the green house (growth chamber), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Crop Botany, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-08-2011

End Date: 00-08-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Micronutrient

Objectives:

The present research work was undertaken to screen out the resistant variety(s) among the selected varieties with the proper investigation of aluminium tolerance variability among the different wheat varieties and to know the mineral uptake variability of cultivars under aluminium stress.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the green house (growth chamber),Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Crop Botany, Mymensingh from August 2011 to June 2012. Seeds of wheat cultivars: Shatabdi, Kanchan, Sourav, Bijoy (BARI-23) and Sufi (BARI-22). Seeds were collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The hydroponic system was constructed according to the IRRI slandered protocol (Gregorio et al., 1997).Five seeds were soaked in distilled water on filter papers (Advance Technology, Tokyo, Japan) in each Petridish for 24 hours. Plants were transferred to 4×30×35 cm rectangular plastic trays after two days of sowing. The experiments were conducted in a green house at 25ºC with 0.6 Cd m^-2 light intensity. The volume of each tray was 8 L. On the opening of each tray, nylon net and rectangular-shaped Styrofoam having 10 × 10 holes were placed. Hogland solution (N:P:K= 21:31:23) was added to supply nutrient to plants. The solution was renewed with fresh nutrient solutions in 5 days interval. When seedlings were about 4 cm, seedlings were pretreated with 100 M CaC1₂ for six hours. The pH was maintained 5.10 by pH meter using HCl and NaOH if necessary. Than the seedlings were subjected to (Al treatment) or non-subjected (control) in 8L of solution containing 100 µM AlCl₃ (pH 5.5) or 0µM AlCl₃ (pH 5.0) for 24 hours. Parameters such as: hypocotyls length, epicotyls length, germination percentage were recorded at 4, 6 and 8 days after sowing of germinated seeds. Physical characteristics viz. root length, shoot length, number of roots plant^-1, leaf length, leaf sheath length, fresh weight, dry weight, total root and shoot weight, were also recorded at 10, 15 and 20 days after sowing in both Al (treatment) and control conditions. Statistical analysis: Data were statistically analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the MSTAT Statistical Computer package programme in accordance with the principles of Completely Randomized Design (Gomez, 1984). Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to compare variations among the treatments.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 17(1): 65-76 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42762

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Hypocotyls and epicotyls length and germination percentage decreased under 100 M aluminium compared to control at 4,6 and 8 days after sowing indicating that 100 M concentration is toxic to wheat seedlings growth and development. The interactive effect of variety on hypocotyls and epicotyls length and germination percentages was significant. The highest hypocotyls length was observed in Kanchan 10.7 cm) while the highest epicotyls length was recorded in Shatabdi (12 cm). In contrast, the lowest hypocotyls length was observed in Sourav (2.7 cm) and the lowest epicotyls length was observed in Bijoy (2 cm).The interactive effect of hypocotyls and epicotyls length and germination percentages was significant. The highest hypocotyls length was observed in the treatment combination of Kanchan with control at all growth stages while the highest epicotyl length was observed in the treatment combination of Shatabdi with control. However, the lowest hypocotyl length was observed in the treatment combination of Bijoy and Sourav with 100 M aluminium while the lowest epicotyls length was observed in Sourav with 100 M aluminium. Again the highest germination percentages were recorded in the treatment combination of Shatabdi with control. The effect of concentrated aluminium on root and shoot length, root number, leaf length fresh and dry weight was significant. The root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight were greater in control compared to 100 M aluminium. In genotypes, the highest shoot length was observed in Shatabdi which resulted in highest dry mass plant^-1 at 15 and 20 DAS. In contrast, the lowest fresh and dry weight was recorded in Sourav and Sufi. The interaction effect of variety and aluminium on root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight plant?¹ was significant. For dry mass reduction due to concentrated aluminium, result showed that the lowest dry mass reduction due to aluminum was observed in Shatabdi indicating this variety more tolerant to aluminium than others. In contrast, the higher dry mass reduction was observed in Sourav and Sufi indication these two varieties were susceptible to aluminium. By measuring the minerals uptake of roots and shoots it may be concluded that at 100 M Al treatment, based on the experimental results, it may be concluded that the aluminum concentration of 100 M had profound negative effect on germination percentages, growth and development of seedlings; and among the varieties, Shatabdi had highest tolerance to aluminium toxicity in respect with growth and development.

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